Table 2 Association between depression symptoms (CDI ≥ 19 score) and lifestyle factors, physical activity, body Mass Index using univariable analysis (N = 704)
From: Vitamin D level in relation to depression symptoms during adolescence
Characteristics | Total | Prevalence of depression symptoms | Odds Ratio [95% CI] | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n* | (%) | |||||
Times per week consumed breakfast not prepared at home | ||||||
Zero | 320 | 42 | (13.13) | Â | [Ref.] | 0.500 |
One-two times | 284 | 37 | (13.03) | 0.99 | [0.62–1.59) |  |
Three-four | 51 | 5 | (9.8) | 0.72 | [0.27–1.91] |  |
Five or more | 33 | 7 | (21.21) | 1.78 | [0.73–4.36] |  |
Times per week consumed lunch not prepared at home | ||||||
Zero | 185 | 23 | (12.43) | Â | [Ref.] | 0.965 |
One-two times | 409 | 56 | (13.69) | 1.12 | [0.66–1.88] |  |
Three-four | 59 | 7 | (11.86) | 0.95 | [0.38–2.33] |  |
Five or more | 30 | 4 | (13.33) | 1.08 | [0.35–3.39] |  |
Times per week consumed dinner not prepared at home | ||||||
Zero | 81 | 9 | (11.11) | Â | [Ref.] | 0.810 |
One-two times | 436 | 57 | (13.07) | 1.20 | [0.57–2.54] |  |
Three-four | 128 | 15 | (11.72) | 1.06 | [0.44–2.55] |  |
Five or more | 35 | 6 | (17.14) | 1.65 | [0.54–5.07] |  |
Times per week child has breakfast before going to school | ||||||
Every day/Five days a week | 290 | 42 | (14.48) | Â | [Ref.] | 0.457 |
Three-four days a week | 94 | 16 | (17.02) | 1.21 | [0.64–2.27] |  |
One-two days a week | 118 | 13 | (11.02) | 0 .73 | [0.38–1.42] |  |
Never | 193 | 22 | (11.40) | 0.76 | [0.44–1.32] |  |
Hours of sleep during weekdays | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 < 7.5 h (lower tertile) | 205 | 37 | (18.05) |  | [Ref.] | 0.063 |
7.5 h to < 9 h (middle tertile) | 251 | 29 | (11.55) | 0.59 | [0.35 -1.00] |  |
9 h or more (higher tertile) | 248 | 28 | (11.29) | 0.58 | [0.34–0.98] |  |
Hours of sleep during weekend | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 < 9 h (lower tertile) | 149 | 24 | (16.11) |  | [Ref.] | 0.079 |
9 h to < 11 h (middle tertile) | 315 | 32 | (10.16) | 0.59 | [0.33 -1.04] |  |
11 or more (middle tertile) | 239 | 38 | (15.90) | 0.98 | [0.56–1.72] |  |
Walking to school per week (going and coming equal 2 times) | ||||||
None | 562 | 80 | (14.23) | Â | [Ref.] | 0.066 |
1 to 8 times | 97 | 6 | (6.19) | 0.40 | [0.17 -0.94] | Â |
Every day | 45 | 8 | (17.78) | 1.30 | [0.58–2.90] |  |
Time spent on physical activity per week | ||||||
Low (lower tertile) | 224 | 33 | (14.73) | Â | [Ref.] | 0.461 |
Medium (middle tertile) | 234 | 26 | (11.11) | 0.72 | [0.42–1.25] |  |
High (higher tertile) | 246 | 35 | (14.23) | 0.96 | [0.57–1.60] |  |
Time spent on watching TV, using internet/computer, plying video games and reading or doing homework | ||||||
Low (lower tertile) | 224 | 27 | (12.05) | Â | [Ref.] | 0.714 |
Medium (middle tertile) | 241 | 32 | (13.28) | 1.12 | [0.64–1.93] |  |
High (higher tertile) | 239 | 35 | (14.64) | 1.25 | [0.73–2.14] |  |
Body Mass Index categories | ||||||
Normal weight | 303 | 40 | (13.20) | Â | [Ref.] | 0.185 |
Overweight | 154 | 14 | (9.09) | 0.66 | [0.34–1.25] |  |
Obese | 235 | 39 | (16.60) | 1.31 | [0.81–2.11] |  |
Under weight | 12 | 1 | (8.33) | 0.60 | [0.08–4.76] |  |