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Table 3 The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire among the studied groups

From: Relationship between time spent playing internet gaming apps and behavioral problems, sleep problems, alexithymia, and emotion dysregulations in children: a multicentre study

Variables

Group 1

(N = 320)

Group 2

(N = 120)

Group 3

(N = 92)

Group 4

(N = 32)

Total participants

(N = 564)

X2 or F value

P value

The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire subscales

 Total bedtime subscale

14.9 ± 4.6

15.4 ± 4.1

16.7 ± 4.1

17.3 ± 4.7

16.18 ± 4.49

6.3

0.001*

 Total sleep behavior

subscales

7.8 ± 7.4

8.6 ± 8.1

9.1 ± 10.6

9.7 ± 8.7

8.89 ± 8.78

0.5

0.66

 Total waking during the night

subscale

1.5 ± 1.5

1.9 ± 1.7

1.9 ± 1.5

2.3 ± 2.5

1.90 ± 1.73

2.4

0.05

 Total morning wakes up

subscale

4.3 ± 2.6

5.08 ± 3.1

5.3 ± 2.4

6.7 ± 2.3

5.05 ± 2.93

6.3

0.001*

 Total Score of scale

29.9 ± 14.1

32.44 ± 12.2

32.4 ± 12.4

34.3 ± 12.8

32.01 ± 12.79

1.5

0.19

The interpretation of The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire

 Goop sleep quality

203 (63.3%)

52 (43.3%)

40 (43.5%)

8 (25%)

264 (46.8%)

20.8

0.001*

 Poor sleep quality

117 (36.7%)

68 (56.7%)

52 (56.5%)

24 (75%)

300 (53.2%)

Sleep time variables

 Night-time sleep duration per hours

8.9 ± 1.4

8.4 ± 1.7

8.3 ± 1.5

9.2 ± 1.6

8.7 ± 1.5

5.6

0.001*

 Daytime sleep duration per minute

24.8 ± 40.5

36.5 ± 65.04

14.5 ± 34.7

8.7 ± 13.6

24.7 ± 45.63

5.5

0.001*

 Total sleep duration per hours

9.3 ± 1.3

9.1 ± 1.3

8.6 ± 1.2

9.5 ± 1.6

9.2 ± 1.3

8.7

0.001*

  1. Group 1 = participants use internet gaming apps for 1–2 h, Group 2 = participants use internet gaming apps for 3–4-h, Group 3 = participants use internet gaming apps for 5–6-h, Group 4 = participants use internet gaming apps for more than 6 h