| Aggressive behavior | Mindful parenting | Interaction with full attention | Compassion and acceptance | Self regulation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | t | M ± SD | t | M ± SD | t | M ± SD | t | M ± SD | t | |
Total sample | ||||||||||
 Physical abuse |  | − 4.13*** |  | 2.49* |  | 3.78*** |  | 2.74** |  | 0.40 |
  No (427, 80.4%) | 7.18 ± 4.05 |  | 3.26 ± 0.53 |  | 3.50 ± 0.47 |  | 3.51 ± 0.78 |  | 2.81 ± 0.73 |  |
  Yes (104, 19.6%) | 9.18 ± 5.42 |  | 3.12 ± 0.52 |  | 3.31 ± 0.52 |  | 3.28 ± 0.76 |  | 2.78 ± 0.72 |  |
 Psychological aggression |  | − 4.67*** |  | 1.37 |  | 2.72** |  | 1.85 |  | − 0.21 |
  No (356, 64.3%) | 6.86 ± 4.07 |  | 3.25 ± 0.53 |  | 3.51 ± 0.46 |  | 3.50 ± 0.78 |  | 2.79 ± 0.73 |  |
  Yes (198, 35.7%) | 8.68 ± 4.72 |  | 3.19 ± 0.53 |  | 3.39 ± 0.52 |  | 3.37 ± 0.78 |  | 2.81 ± 0.75 |  |
 Neglect |  | − 1.31 |  | − 0.73 |  | 1.15 |  | -1.08 |  | − 0.23 |
  No (348, 65.7%) | 7.39 ± 4.38 |  | 3.22 ± 0.53 |  | 3.48 ± 0.47 |  | 3.44 ± 0.80 |  | 2.80 ± 0.72 |  |
  Yes (182, 34.3%) | 7.93 ± 4.48 |  | 3.26 ± 0.52 |  | 3.43 ± 0.51 |  | 3.52 ± 0.75 |  | 2.81 ± 0.74 |  |
Mother-adolescent dyads | ||||||||||
 Physical abuse |  | -3.00** |  | 0.99 |  | 3.41*** |  | 1.29 |  | − 1.00 |
  No (175, 79.9%) | 7.13 ± 3.74 |  | 3.28 ± 0.57 |  | 3.55 ± 0.46 |  | 3.53 ± 0.83 |  | 2.83 ± 0.80 |  |
  Yes (44, 20.1%) | 9.19 ± 4.93 |  | 3.19 ± 0.50 |  | 3.27 ± 0.56 |  | 3.35 ± 0.72 |  | 2.96 ± 0.71 |  |
 Psychological aggression |  | − 3.19** |  | 0.56 |  | 1.94 |  | 0.75 |  | 0.08 |
  No (138, 60.5%) | 6.81 ± 3.93 |  | 3.28 ± 0.54 |  | 3.55 ± 0.45 |  | 3.52 ± 0.80 |  | 2.86 ± 0.76 |  |
  Yes (90, 39.5%) | 8.56 ± 4.07 |  | 3.23 ± 0.57 |  | 3.42 ± 0.06 |  | 3.44 ± 0.83 |  | 2.85 ± 0.82 |  |
 Neglect |  | − 1.65 |  | − 1.04 |  | 0.32 |  | − 1.46 |  | − 0.28 |
  No (145, 66.5%) | 7.22 ± 4.09 |  | 3.24 ± 0.59 |  | 3.50 ± 0.48 |  | 3.44 ± 0.85 |  | 2.85 ± 0.79 |  |
  Yes (73, 33.5%) | 8.20 ± 4.01 |  | 3.32 ± 0.48 |  | 3.48 ± 0.51 |  | 3.61 ± 0.72 |  | 2.88 ± 0.77 |  |
Father-adolescent dyads | ||||||||||
 Physical abuse |  | − 2.92** |  | 2.49* |  | 2.07* |  | 2.53* |  | 1.56 |
  No (252, 80.8%) | 7.21 ± 4.26 |  | 3.25 ± 0.50 |  | 3.47 ± 0.47 |  | 3.50 ± 0.75 |  | 2.80 ± 0.68 |  |
  Yes (60, 19.2%) | 9.17 ± 5.80 |  | 3.07 ± 0.53 |  | 3.33 ± 0.49 |  | 3.22 ± 0.79 |  | 2.64 ± 0.70 |  |
 Psychological aggression |  | − 3.46*** |  | 1.46 |  | 2.04* |  | 1.90 |  | − 0.23 |
  No (218, 66.9%) | 6.89 ± 4.17 |  | 3.23 ± 0.53 |  | 3.48 ± 0.46 |  | 3.49 ± 0.78 |  | 2.75 ± 0.71 |  |
  Yes (108, 33.1%) | 8.78 ± 5.21 |  | 3.15 ± 0.49 |  | 3.37 ± 0.50 |  | 3.32 ± 0.74 |  | 2.77 ± 0.69 |  |
 Neglect |  | − 0.41 |  | − 0.07 |  | 1.21 |  | − 0.18 |  | − 0.08 |
  No (203, 65.1%) | 7.51 ± 4.59 |  | 3.21 ± 0.49 |  | 3.47 ± 0.46 |  | 3.44 ± 0.76 |  | 2.76 ± 0.66 |  |
  Yes (109, 34.9%) | 7.74 ± 4.79 |  | 3.22 ± 0.54 |  | 3.40 ± 0.51 |  | 3.45 ± 0.78 |  | 2.77 ± 0.72 |  |