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Table 1 Descriptive Statistics and Bivariate Correlations for Key and Demographic Variables

From: The importance of familial risk factors in children with ADHD: direct and indirect effects of family adversity, parental psychopathology and parenting practices on externalizing symptoms

 

1. FAI

2. pADHD

3. pDAS

4. pAGG

5. pPAR

6. nPAR

7. cADHD (C)

8. cADHD (P)

9. cODD (C)

10. cODD (P)

1. FAI

1

         

2. pADHD

0.20**

1

        

3. pDAS

0.28**

0.50**

1

       

4. pAGG

0.21**

0.48**

0.53**

1

      

5. pPAR

0.03

− 0.04

− 0.13**

− 0.19**

1

     

6. nPAR

0.11*

0.23**

0.36**

0.40**

− 0.23**

1

    

7. cADHD (C)

0.06

0.17**

0.16**

0.12**

− 0.04

0.15**

1

   

8. cADHD (P)

0.10*

0.16**

0.19**

0.10*

0.03

0.18**

0.63**

1

  

9. cODD (C)

0.15**

0.14**

0.19**

0.13**

− 0.12**

0.20**

0.47**

0.33**

1

 

10. cODD (P)

0.17**

0.16**

0.22**

0.16**

− 0.15**

0.25**

0.44**

0.54**

0.69**

1

Child gender

(0 = b, 1 = g)

0.02

− 0.01

− 0.03

− 0.04

0.08

− 0.03

− 0.13**

− 0.07

− 0.11**

− 0.12**

Child age

− 0.05

− 0.07

− 0.05

− 0.02

− 0.14**

0.02

− 0.02

− 0.04

0.03

0.05

n

549

524

518

521

517

509

555

495

544

528

Missings in %

1.08

5.59

6.66

6.12

6.84

8.29

0

10.81

1.98

4.86

M (SD)

0.76 (0.85)

8.97 (8.58)

10.92 (8.44)

25.70 (9.22)

1.87 (0.38)

2.00 (0.39)

1.88 (0.47)

1.81 (0.53)

1.17 (0.65)

1.40 (0.71)

Min

0.00

0.00

0.00

12.00

0.77

1.10

0.72

0.20

0.00

0.00

Max

5.00

49.00

45.00

64.00

3.00

3.20

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

Skew

1.07

1.74

1.28

0.99

0.11

0.27

− 0.04

− 0.20

0.34

0.05

Kurtosis

1.21

3.52

1.89

1.22

− 0.19

0.09

− 0.70

− 0.48

− 0.28

− 0.74

  1. b = boys, cADHD (C) = clinician-rated child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (DCL-ADHS), cADHD (P) = parent-rated child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (FBB-ADHS), cODD (C) = clinician-rated child oppositional defiant disorder (DCL-SSV), cODD (P) =  parent-rated child oppositional defiant disorder (FBB-SSV), FAI = Family Adversity Index, g = girls, nPAR = negative parenting (FPNE), pADHD = parental attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHS-SB), pDAS = parental depression, anxiety and stress (DASS21), pPAR = positive parenting (FZEV)
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01