Predictors of chronic loneliness during adolescence: a population-based cohort study

Table 3 Relative risk of self-harm and suicidal ideation by age 16 by adolescent loneliness trajectories

Self-harm	Case/n^c	Model 1: crude			Model 2: partially adjusted^a			Model 3: fully adjusted^b
Self-harm	Case/n^c	RR	95% CI		RR	95% CI		RR	95% CI
Consistently low	225/2154	1.00	–		1.00	–		1.00	–
Moderate–decreasing	49/185	2.54***	1.94	3.32	2.51***	1.92	3.30	2.49***	1.91	3.26
Moderate–increasing	126/420	2.87***	2.37	3.48	2.79***	2.30	3.39	2.71***	2.23	3.30
Consistently high	17/24	6.78***	5.10	9.02	6.61***	4.90	8.91	6.01***	4.40	8.22
Suicidal ideation
Consistently low	417/1483	1			1			1
Moderate–decreasing	76/162	1.67***	1.39	2.00	1.61***	1.34	1.92	1.59***	1.33	1.91
Moderate–increasing	168/274	2.18***	1.93	2.47	1.96***	1.73	2.23	1.93***	1.69	2.19
Consistently high	11/15	2.61***	1.90	3.58	2.59***	1.92	3.51	2.48***	1.82	3.37

RR relative risk, CI confidence interval
^aAdjusted for child’s gender, parental origin, low parental education, low household income, single parenthood, child chronic health condition, and child cognitive delay
^bAdjusted for Model 2 + bullying victimization and parental psychological distress at age 10
^cN varies owing to missing outcomes

ISSN: 1753-2000