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Table 2 Developmental disorder diagnoses given in secondary/tertiary health care [N (%)] and between 2008 and 2018 among children born in Norway between 2006 and 2017 with two Norwegian-born parents, two immigrant parents and one immigrant parent (mother/father)

From: Developmental disorders among Norwegian-born children with immigrant parents

 

Two Norwegian-born parents

Two immigrant parents

EU/EEA/Oceania/USA/Canada

Europe except EU

Africa

Asia

Latin America

Mental retardation

1332 (0.27)

495 (0.53)***

55 (0.20)*

51 (0.49)***

161 (0.82)***

224 (0.66)***

4 (0.32)

Language disorders

3594 (0.74)

974 (1.04)***

199 (0.72)

123 (1.18)***

216 (1.09)***

412 (1.20)***

24 (1.92)***

Learning difficulties

1762 (0.36)

144 (0.15)***

20 (0.07)***

18 (0.17)**

32 (0.16)***

67 (0.20)***

7 (0.56)

Other developmental disorders

2741 (0.56)

464 (0.50)*

81 (0.29)***

64 (0.61)

127 (0.64)

185 (0.54)

7 (0.56)

Autism spectrum disorders

2624 (0.54)

1111 (1.19)***

202 (0.73)***

125 (1.20)***

309 (1.57)***

462 (1.35)***

13 (1.04) *

ADHD

8873 (1.82)

461 (0.49)***

115 (0.41)***

52 (0.50)***

126 (0.64)***

150 (0.44)***

18 (1.44)

Behavioral and emotional disorders in childhood,

16338 (3.35)

1558 (1.67)***

342 (1.23)***

165 (1.58)***

312 (1.58)***

710 (2.08)***

29 (2.32)

Unspecified developmental delay

11218 (2.30)

2916 (3.12)***

565 (2.03)**

310 (2.97)***

686 (3.47) ***

1322 (3.87)***

33 (2.64)

Any developmental disorder

35794 (7.34)

5710 (6.11)***

1161 (4.18)***

633 (6.06)***

1340 (6.79)**

2485 (7.27)

91 (7.27)

 

Norwegian-born father and immigrant mother

EU/EEA/Oceania/USA/Canada

Europe except EU

Africa

Asia

Latin America

Mental retardation

131 (0.26)

43 (0.19)*

13 (0.29)

 

55 (0.35)

16 (0.35)

Language disorders

439 (0.89)***

165 (0.74)

54 (1.21)***

18 (0.78)

142 (0.89)*

60 (1.32)***

Learning difficulties

115 (0.23)***

54 (0.24)**

12 (0.27)

 

37 (0.23)**

8 (0.18)

Other developmental disorders

260 (0.53)

119 (0.53)

28 (0.63)

13 (0.56)

80 (0.50)

20 (0.44)

Autism spectrum disorders

420 (0.85)***

161 (0.72)***

53 (1.19)***

20 (0.87)*

143 (0.90)***

43 (0.95)***

ADHD

548 (1.11)***

290 (1.30)***

62 (1.39)*

24 (1.04)**

104 (0.65)***

68 (1.50)

Behavioral and emotional disorders in childhood,

1405 (2.84)***

655 (2.94)***

145 (3.25)

76 (3.29)

362 (2.27)***

167 (3.68)

Unspecified developmental delay

1231 (2.49)**

508 (2.28)

116 (2.60)

44 (1.90)

447 (2.81)***

116 (2.56)

Any developmental disorder

3363 (6.79)***

1485 (6.67)***

348 (7.80)

152 (6.57)

1009 (6.34)***

369 (8.13)*

 

Norwegian-born mother and immigrant father

EU/EEA/Oceania/USA/Canada

Europe except EU

Africa

Asia

Latin America

Mental retardation

133 (0.34)*

61 (0.26)

 

21 (0.60)***

36 (0.48) **

11 (0.40)

Language disorders

297 (0.76)

170 (0.71)

14 (0.83)

24 (0.69)

69 (0.92)

20 (0.73)

Learning difficulties

111 (0.28)*

61 (0.26)**

7 (0.41)

14 (0.40)

20 (0.27)

9 (0.33)

Other developmental disorders

188 (0.48)*

94 (0.39)***

8 (0.47)

16 (0.46)

54 (0.72)

16 (0.59)

Autism spectrum disorders

268 (0.68)***

152 (0.64)*

13 (0.77)

28 (0.80)*

56 (0.75)*

19 (0.70)

ADHD

561 (1.43)***

333 (1.39)***

24 (1.42)

76 (2.18)

77 (1.03)***

51 (1.87)

Behavioral and emotional disorders in childhood,

1192 (3.03)***

703 (2.94)***

52 (3.07)

122 (3.49)

226 (3.02)

89 (3.26)

Unspecified developmental delay

920 (2.34)

482 (2.02)**

44 (2.60)

73 (2.09)

248 (3.31)***

73 (2.67)

Any developmental disorder

2638 (6.71)***

1496 (6.26)***

115 (6.78)

253 (7.24)

568 (7.59)

206 (7.54)

  1. N < 5 not shown. Star indicting difference to having two Norwegian-born parents: ***p < 0.001 **p < 0.01 *p < 0.05