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Table 3 Results of the whole-brain resting-state analysis and brain regulation task

From: Individual brain regulation as learned via neurofeedback is related to affective changes in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Model/condition

Contrast

Coordinates

Cluster size

p-value

pcorr-value

Region

x

y

z

Resting-state

        

 PerAF

post > pre

63

− 34

− 16

56

0.0481

0.1356

Middle/inferior temporal gyrus

 PerAF

post > pre

12

29

32

140

0.0003

0.0008

Anterior cingulate cortex

 PerAF

TAU: post > pre

60

− 31

− 19

peak

0.0433

0.1225

Middle/inferior temporal gyrus

 PerAF

TAU: post > pre

57

− 10

47

96

0.0033

0.0098

Precentral gyrus

Brain regulation task

 Down

mean > 0

− 18

− 82

− 16

543

1.8E-9

4.8E-9

Primary/secondary visual cortex

 Down

mean > 0

− 18

− 82

− 16

peak

5.7E-5

0.0001

 Up

mean > 0

6

− 79

− 10

816

2.3E-12

5.9E–12

 Up

mean > 0

6

− 79

− 10

peak

0.0021

0.0056

 Down

ERC ΔER > 0

− 39

− 13

14

141

0.0026

0.0104

Rolandic operculum, insula, superior temporal gyrus

 Down

ERC ΔER > 0

45

− 4

− 13

peak

0.0381

0.2683

Insula

 Up-Down

ERC ΔLN < 0

− 12

35

20

112

0.0066

0.0515

Anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex

 Up

GEM ΔCE > 0

54

− 49

− 22

72

0.0215

0.2974

Inferior temporal gyrus

 Up-Down

GEM ΔCE > 0

51

− 46

− 16

157

4.2E–4

0.0068

Inferior temporal gyrus

  1. Resting-state: The PerAF results are provided here (see supplement for those additionally corrected for total displacement). Brain regulation task: The mean activation per condition (mean > 0) and the correlation with psychometric score changes (ERC ΔER > 0, ER ΔLN < 0, GEM ΔCE > 0) are shown. All models were corrected for the baseline attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) score. The coordinates need to be seen as rough orientation only due to a study-specific normalization. The p-values were corrected for the investigated models/contrasts. PerAF: percent amplitude of fluctuation, TAU: treatment as usual, SCP: slow cortical potentials neurofeedback, pre/post: measurement before/after intervention, Up: up-regulation, Down: down-regulation, Up-Down: difference between up- and down-regulation; ERC ΔER: Emotion Regulation Checklist Emotion Regulation subscale change; ERC ΔLN: Emotion Regulation Checklist Llability/Negativity subscale change; GEM ΔCE: Griffith Empathy Measure Cognitive Eempathy subscale