Table 1 The means, standard deviations, correlations among the variables

Covariates

 1. Student age at T1

15.37

1.35

 2. Student gender

47.56^a

–

.05

 3. Father’s level of education

–

–

− .05

.05

 4. Mother’s level of education

–

–

− .08

.06

.61^***

Key variables

 5. T1 Interparental conflict

1.10

0.47

− .10^*

.05

− .02

− .06

 6. T2 Deviant peer affiliation

1.60

0.66

− .03

− .02

.05

.05

.11^*

 7. T3 School climate

3.07

0.43

.09^*

.01

− .01

− .01

− .19^***

− .29^***

 8. T1 Risk-taking behavior

0.39

0.34

− .03

− .09^*

.05

.01

.20^***

.35^***

− .15^**

 9. T2 Risk-taking behavior

0.42

0.38

− .06

− .04

.07

.02

.16^***

.40^***

− .22^***

.49^***

 10. T3 Risk-taking behavior

0.41

0.36

− .05

− .04

.03

.01

.24^***

.39^***

− .26^***

.48^***

.63^***