Table 5 Differences in core variables between parents who used more violence during the pandemic and parents who didn´t use more violence during the pandemic

Sex (N = 109)

1.91(1)

0.17

 Female

18 (23.68%)

58 (76.32%)

 Male

4 (12.12%)

29 (87.88%)

Income under poverty level (N = 104)

0.15

0.70

 Yes

4 (18.18%)

18 (81.81%)

 No

18 (21.95%)

64 (78.05%)

Pre-existing somatic disorder (N = 109)

0.18(1)

0.67

 Yes

6 (23.08%)

20 (76.92%)

 No

16 (9.28%)

67 (80.72%)

Pre-existing psychiatric disorder (N = 105)

3.99(1)*

0.046

 Yes

8 (36.36%)

14 (63.64%)

 No

14 (16.87%)

69 (83.13%)

Employment (N = 108)

2.62(1)

0.11

 Employed

18 (18.37%)

80 (81.63%)

 Unemployed

4 (40.00%)

6 (60.00%)

Living in relationship with mother/father of youngest child (N = 109)

0.07(1)

0.79

 Yes

18 (20.69%)

69 (79.31%)

 No

4 (18.18%)

18 (81.81%)

“System-relevant” Job (N = 99)

0.57(1)

0.45

 Yes

7 (21.21%)

26 (78.79%)

 No

10 (15.15%)

56 (84.85%)

Working from home (N = 109)

2.11(1)

0.15

 Yes

9 (29.03%)

22 (70.97%)

 No

13 (16.67%)

65 (83.33%)

“System-relevant“ Job partner (N = 89)

0.12(1)

0.73

 Yes

6 (25.00%)

18 (75.00%)

 No

14 (21.54%)

51 (78.46%)

Partner working from home (N = 84)

0.74(1)

0.39

 Yes

8 (29.63%)

19 (70.37%)

 No

12 (21.05%)

45 (78.95%)

M (SD)

M (SD)

t(df)

P

 Parental stress (N = 109)

53.45 (11.10)

40.70 (10.11)

− 5.18(107)***

 < 0.001

 Change in parental stress during pandemic (N = 106)

− 9.09 (2.84)

− 1.61 (3.97)

8.30(104)***

 < 0.001

 Own Maltreatment experience (N = 109)

2.45 (1.37)

0.99 (1.23)

− 4.87(107)***

 < 0.001

 Depressive symptoms (N = 109)

1.27 (1.35)

0.94 (1.24)

− 1.09(107)

0.28

 Anxiety symptoms (N = 109)

1.18 (1.30)

0.97 (1.07)

− 0.81(107)

0.42

 Age (N = 109)

37.59 (7.54)

40.79 (7.32)

1.82(107)

0.07

 Age of first child (N = 109)

10.09 (5.46)

12.63 (5.41)

1.97(107)

0.05