Table 3 Results from regression analysis showing factors associated with depression, anxiety, pandemic anxiety, emotional behavioural problems and quality of life

Socio-demographic

Sex

  Male

Reference

  Female

–

–

–

–

− 0.77 (0.46)

0.095

− 0.63 (0.37)

0.088

–

–

Age

1.08 (0.97–1.20)

0.149

1.16 (1.03–1.30)

0.015

0.21 (0.12)

0.094

0.13 (0.10)

0.196

− 0.32 (0.14)

0.023

Schooling

 Yes

Reference

 No

1.96 (1.33–2.88)

0.001

1.81 (1.19–2.77)

0.006

–

–

1.58 (0.38)

 < 0.001

− 0.52 (0.48)

0.284

Level of education

 None

Reference

 Primary

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

− 2.46 (2.15)

0.253

Secondary

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

− 2.90 (2.19)

0.186

Religion

 Christian

Reference

 Islam

0.62 (0.38–1.00)

0.049

0.72 (0.42–1.23)

0.230

− 0.02 (0.53)

0.975

− 0.19 (0.43)

0.658

1.76 (0.50)

 < 0.001

 Others e.g. traditional

0.37 (0.04–3.33)

0.377

0.73 (0.07–7.46)

0.793

− 2.13 (2.85)

0.456

− 6.22 (2.26)

0.006

4.42 (2.57)

0.085

 Social Economic Status

–

–

0.90 (0.78–1.03)

0.130

–

–

− 0.15 (0.12)

0.231

0.58 (0.14)

 < 0.001

Have any child(ren)

 No

Reference

 Yes

0.88 (0.38–2.03)

0.773

1.19 (0.51–2.74)

0.691

1.71 (1.08)

0.114

–

–

− 0.80 (0.99)

0.416

COVID-19 related questions

Receive support before lockdown (Mental health support, support from social services, educational support)

  Yes

Reference

  No

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.60 (0.43)

0.166

Having COVID-19 infection

 No

Reference

 Yes

3.52 (0.81–15.38)

0.094

2.57 (0.62–10.60)

0.192

–

–

2.42 (1.47)

0.101

-1.74 (1.66)

0.297

Having someone close infected with COVID-19 e.g. A friend, a family member

 No

Reference

 Yes

1.42 (0.86–2.33)

0.166

1.38 (0.82–2.35)

0.229

0.60 (0.63)

0.341

0.63 (0.52)

0.220

− 0.19 (0.58)

0.744

Parents and peer relationships

 Hear from or talk to your friends

   Rarely

Reference

  Occasionally

0.55 (0.35–0.85)

0.007

0.69 (0.43–1.12)

0.133

0.14 (0.55)

0.804

− 0.75 (0.44)

0.087

0.24 (0.49)

0.628

  Frequently

0.60 (0.37–0.96)

0.033

0.74 (0.44–1.24)

0.248

− 0.71 (0.59)

0.231

− 0.65 (0.47)

0.167

2.32 (0.53)

 < 0.001

Change of interaction with peers since last week

  No- it is the same

Reference

  Yes- I interact with them less

1.40 (0.92–2.12)

0.116

1.56 (1.00–2.43)

0.049

0.29 (0.53)

0.591

0.74 (0.43)

0.081

− 1.08 (0.48)

0.024

  Yes- I interact with them more

0.83 (0.48–1.44)

0.506

0.90 (0.49–1.65)

0.729

0.57 (0.65)

0.382

0.20 (0.52)

0.704

0.74 (0.59)

0.206

Feeling lonely, lacking company, feeling left out or isolated

 Not at all

Reference

 Sometimes

2.14 (1.43–3.19)

 < 0.001

2.08 (1.35–3.23)

0.001

1.93 (0.52)

 < 0.001

3.58 (0.42)

 < 0.001

− 2.99 (0.47)

 < 0.001

 Always

10.68 (4.99–22.86)

 < 0.001

5.96 (2.99–11.87)

 < 0.001

3.87 (0.96)

 < 0.001

6.74 (0.77)

 < 0.001

− 2.65 (0.87)

0.002

Close with your parents

 Not very close

Reference

 Fairly close

0.36 (0.19–0.68)

0.002

0.74 (0.38–1.44)

0.376

0.41 (0.83)

0.622

− 1.84 (0.66)

0.006

0.57 (0.75)

0.444

 Very close

0.39 (0.24–0.64)

 < 0.001

0.62 (0.36–1.06)

0.079

− 0.27 (0.68)

0.691

− 2.93 (0.54)

 < 0.001

1.37 (0.62)

0.026

Argue with parent

 Never

Reference

 Occasionally

0.77 (0.48–1.23)

0.278

0.84 (0.51–1.38)

0.486

–

–

0.44 (0.45)

0.321

− 0.76 (0.50)

0.133

 Frequently

1.28 (0.78–2.10)

0.327

1.26 (0.75–2.13)

0.380

–

–

1.80 (0.52)

0.001

− 0.89 (0.58)

0.127

Psychosocial stressors questions

Feeling unsafe

 No

Reference

 Yes

2.24 (1.52–3.29)

 < 0.001

2.01 (1.33–3.04)

0.001

0.84 (0.50)

0.096

3.00 (0.41)

 < 0.001

− 1.45 (0.46)

0.002

Physically forced to have sex

 No

Reference

 Yes

1.14 (0.57–2.27)

0.706

1.27 (0.64–2.51)

0.491

0.09 (0.91)

0.921

0.46 (0.73)

0.530

0.28 (0.82)

0.733

Drunk alcohol (at least a bottle within a month ago)

 No

Reference

 Yes

1.18 (0.66–2.13)

0.572

1.20 (0.65–2.22)

0.550

–

–

0.82 (0.61)

0.174

− 0.86 (0.68)

0.206