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Table 8 Parents' long term changes T1→T3 and short term changes T1→T2

From: Parents' assessment of parent-child interaction interventions – a longitudinal study in 101 families

 

Long term T1→T3

Short term T1→T2

Scale

d

Z

p

 

d

Z

p

 

SPSQ (couples) total stress

.45

-4.539

<.001

***

.28

-3.643

<.001

***

   incompetence

.42

-4.678

<.001

***

.20

-2.812

.005

**

   role restriction

.36

-3.964

<.001

***

.27

-2.809

.005

**

   social isolation

.33

-2.678

.007

**

.20

-1.945

.052

 

   spouse relationship problems

.07

-.586

.558

 

.09

-.292

.770

 

   health problems

.38

-3.795

<.001

***

.19

-1.890

.059

 

SPSQ (single) total stress

.73

-3.375

.001

**

.43

-3.015

.003

**

   incompetence

.69

-3.084

.002

**

.41

-2.440

.015

 

   role restriction

.34

-2.469

.014

 

.18

-.931

.352

 

   social isolation

.65

-2.611

.009

**

.40

-2.973

.003

**

   health problems

.51

-1.732

.083

 

.37

-1.948

.051

 

RQ (B)

.28

-2.851

.004

 

.10

-.972

.331

 

RQ (D)

.27

-3.426

.001

**

.19

-2.202

.028

 

Cantril's L-o-L present

.80

-6.335

<.001

***

.39

-4.093

<.001

***

Cantril's L-o-L future

.31

-3.090

.002

**

.10

-1.606

.108

 

GHQ12

.55

-5.466

<.001

***

.31

-4.051

<.001

***

ISSI

.30

-2.636

.008

**

.12

-1.271

.204

 

   AVAT

.33

-2.361

.018

 

.03

-.522 a)

.602

 

   ADAT

.26

-2.187

.029

 

.14

-1.166

.244

 

   AVSI

.10

-1.018

.308

 

-.02 a)

-.585 a)

.559

 

   ADSI

.28

-3.400

.001

**

.16

-2.313

.021

 

SDQ total difficulties

.68

-4.254

<.001

***

.44

-4.167

<.001

***

SDQ impact

.67

-4.342

<.001

***

.69

-4.790

<.001

***

   emotional symptoms

.51

-2.764

.006

**

.15

-1.217

.224

 

   conduct problems

.60

-4.466

<.001

***

.43

-3.578

<.001

***

   hyperactivity

.44

-3.199

.001

**

.27

-3.392

.001

**

   peer problems

.40

-2.168

.030

 

.37

-2.920

.004

**

   prosocial behaviour

.32

-2.718

.007

**

.08

-1.164

.244

 
  1. d Cohen's d; effect size small 0.20 – 0.49, moderate 0.50 – 0.79, large ≥ 0.80.
  2. Z Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Statistical significance in this study set at p < 0.01.
  3. a) changes in an unfavourable direction