Table 1 The comparisons of the adolescents who expressed the massacre threat online (n =17) and those who expressed it offline (n = 60)
From: Adolescents expressing school massacre threats online: something to be extremely worried about?
| Â | Internet | Other ways | Statistics | p | Phi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender: girl | 3/17 (18%) | 7/6 (12%) | # | 0.282 | 0.06 |
Stressful life event/s in family during the 6 months prior to the index threat | 11/17 (65%) | 33/60 (55%) | 0.510 | 0.475 | 0.08 |
Client of child welfare prior to the index threat | 2/17 (12%) | 19/60 (32%) | # | 0.104 | 0.19 |
Performing well or average academically | 10/17 (59%) | 41/60 (68%) | 0.536 | 0.464 | 0.08 |
Mental health contact prior to the index threat | 9/17 (53%) | 35/60 (58%) | 0.157 | 0.692 | 0.05 |
Current symptoms in the adolescent psychiatric evaluation | |||||
Symptoms of anxiety | 14/17 (82%) | 36/60 (60%) | 2.907 | 0.088 | 0.20 |
Depressive symptoms | 16/17 (94%) | 32/60 (53%) | 9.385 | 0.002* | 0.35 |
Problems with impulse control | 6/17 (35%) | 40/60 (67%) | 5.421 | 0.020* | 0.27 |
Aggressive outbursts/tantrums | 9/17 (53%) | 31/60 (52%) | 0.009 | 0.926 | 0.01 |
Suicidal ideation | 9/17 (53%) | 26/60 (43%) | 0.493 | 0.483 | 0.08 |
Destroying property | 5/17 (29%) | 27/60 (45%) | # | 0.028* | 0.13 |
Non-physical aggression towards others | 5/17 (29%) | 26/60 (43%) | # | 0.404 | 0.12 |
Violence against others | 6/17 (35%) | 25/60 (42%) | 0.224 | 0.636 | 0.05 |
Harmful use of alcohol | 4/17 (24%) | 15/60 (25%) | # | 1.000 | 0.01 |
Isolation | 7/17 (41%) | 12/60 (20%) | 3.196 | 0.074 | 0.24 |
Psychotic symptoms | 3/17 (18%) | 15/60 (25%) | # | 0.748 | 0.07 |
Attention problems | 5/17 (29%) | 25/60 (42%) | # | 0.040* | 0.20 |
Use of illicit drugs | 4/17 (24%) | 2/60 (3%) | # | 0.019* | 0.31 |
Running away | 1/17 (6%) | 5/60 (8%) | # | 0.551 | 0.08 |
Suicide attempt | 0/17 (0%) | 2/60 (3%) | # | 1.000 | 0.09 |
Truancy/school refusal | 3/17 (18%) | 6/60 (10%) | # | 0.150 | 0.12 |
Self-harming behavior | 0/17 (0%) | 0/60 (0%) | Â | Â | Â |
Manic behavior | 0/17 (0%) | 1/60 (2%) | # | 1.000 | 0.06 |
Symptoms of eating disorders | 0/17 (0%) | 6/60 (10%) | # | 0.329 | 0.16 |
Inappropriate sexual behavior | 0/17 (0%) | 0/60 (0%) | Â | Â | Â |
Victim of bullying at school | 12/17 (71%) | 18/60 (30%) | 9.276 | 0.002* | 0.35 |
Primary clinical diagnoses | |||||
F0-09 | 0/17 (0%) | 0/60 (0%) | Â | Â | Â |
F10-19 | 0/17 (0%) | 0/60 (0%) | Â | Â | Â |
F20-29 | 1/17 (6%) | 8/60 (13%) | # | 0.674 | 0.10 |
F30-39 | 4/17 (24%) | 12/60 (20%) | # | 0.743 | 0.04 |
F40-49 | 2/17 (12%) | 6/60 (10%) | # | 1.000 | 0.02 |
F50-59 | 0/17 (0%) | 2/60 (3%) | # | 1.000 | 0.09 |
F60-69 | 2/17 (12%) | 1/60 (2%) | # | 0.121 | 0.22 |
F70-79 | 0/17 (0%) | 1/60 (2 %) | # | 1.000 | 0.06 |
F80-89 | 5/17 (29%) | 8/60 (13%) | # | 0.146 | 0.18 |
F90-98 | 3/17 (18%) | 15/60 (25%) | # | 0.785 | 0.07 |
No psychiatric diagnosis | 0/17 (0%) | 6/60 (10%) | # | 0.329 | 0.16 |
Previous delinquency | |||||
Yes | 1/16 (6%) | 20/50 (40%) | # | 0.013* | 0.31 |
A = Attitudes | |||||
Positive attitudes towards aggressive behavior in general | 13/14 (93%) | 45/51 (88%) | 0.244 | 0.621 | 0.06 |
Positive attitudes against previous school shootings | 12/15 (86%) | 31/47 (65%) | 1.055 | 0.304 | 0.13 |
Felt justification for the attack | 12/12 (100%) | 46/50 (92%) | 1.026 | 0.311 | 0.13 |
Motive | |||||
Revenge | 9/17 (53%) | 25/58 (43%) | 0.513 | 0.474 | 0.08 |
Anger and hatred in general | 5/17 (29%) | 22/58 (38%) | # | 0.579 | 0.07 |
Desire to die (homicide-suicide) | 5/17 (29%) | 19/58 (33%) | # | 1.000 | 0.03 |
Joke | 0/17 (0%) | 3/58 (5%) | # | 1.000 | 0.11 |
Wanting attention | 1/17 (6%) | 3/58 (5%) | # | 1.000 | 0.01 |
C = Capacity to fulfill the threat | |||||
Yes | 10/12 (83%) | 32/47 (68%) | 1.084 | 0.298 | 0.14 |
T = Thresholds crossed | |||||
Preparations made | 9/16 (56%) | 11/50 (22%) | 6.732 | 0.009* | 0.31 |
I = Intention of the threat | |||||
Clear intention to commit the act | 6/13 (46%) | 8/57 (14%) | 6.825 | 0.009* | 0.31 |
O = Others` reactions | |||||
Parents took the threat seriously | 9/16 (56%) | 29/59 (49%) | 0.254 | 0.615 | 0.06 |
N = Non-compliance to risk reaction | |||||
The adolescent was against psychiatric evaluation/treatment | 6/17 (35%) | 38/60 (53%) | 4.253 | 0.039* | 0.24 |