Different stability of social-communication problems and negative demanding behaviour from infancy to toddlerhood in a large Dutch population sample

Möricke, Esmé; Lappenschaar, GA Martijn; Swinkels, Sophie HN; Rommelse, Nanda NJ; Buitelaar, Jan K

doi:10.1186/1753-2000-8-19

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

Table 2 Proportion of children with deviant scores and factor loadings on SBQ items in factor mixture model at T2 ( N = 4,237)

From: Different stability of social-communication problems and negative demanding behaviour from infancy to toddlerhood in a large Dutch population sample

Item SBQ^a	Factor SBQ^a	Proportion of children with deviant score	Factor loading	Cronbach’s alpha
	1 Language problems			0.76
117^b	Talks in full sentences^c	2.5	0.906
131^b	Speaks intelligibly^c	1.7	0.860
143^b	Participates in reciprocal social interaction^c	1.9	0.660
111^b	Takes over a simple message^c	7.8^d	0.383
	2 Negative emotionality			0.80
81	Is stubborn, sullen, or irritable	5.5	0.790
82	Changes mood suddenly	2.2	0.755
43	Seems unhappy without clear reason	2.3^d	0.715
88	Is uncooperative	2.5	0.712
29	Is easily upset	4.6	0.679
13	Cries a lot	1.9	0.675
66	Screams a lot	5.2	0.649
69	Will not share toys or other things	1.4	0.574
42	Hurts animals or persons (unintentionally)	0.9	0.532
40	Bites, hits, or kicks others	2.3	0.519
11	Wants help constantly	1.3	0.494
91	Is extremely loud	1.9	0.492
62	Refuses to play active games him/herself	5.8^d	0.402
34	Is accident prone	3.5	0.368
32	Is afraid of certain animals, situations, or places	11.1	0.304
	3 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems			0.66
6	Cannot sit still; is restless or hyperactive	5.7	0.733
5	Cannot concentrate or pay attention for long	3.6	0.658
138^b	Sits still for five minutes during reading together	1.8	0.483
	4 Deviant play behaviour			0.63
106^b	Plays in various ways	0.8	0.682
103^b	Plays with different toys/objects	1.6	0.607
105^b	Shows interest in new objects/persons	0.7	0.486
	5 Demanding behaviour			0.58
96	Wants a lot of attention	10.8	0.589
16	Demands must be met immediately	15.1	0.579
97	Is fussy, whiny	5.3	0.578
8	Cannot stand waiting; wants everything now	13.9	0.532
44	Has angry moods	6.6	0.437
59	Quickly shifts from one activity to another	10.1	0.365
	6 Deviant affective behaviour			0.50
114^b	Uses gestures appropriately to express him/herself	5.3^d	0.436
115^b	Shows clear facial expressions	5.7^d	0.434
109^b	Emotions are understandable	8.3^d	0.428
112^b	Reacts normally to sensory stimuli	2.0^d	0.427
	7 Communication and interaction problems			0.78
136^b	Directs social smile to parents and others	4.1^d	0.783
135^b	Follows glance of parents^c	2.7	0.718
129^b	Uses sounds or words to get attention or help^c	2.5	0.662
123^b	Clings on when he/she wants to be held	1.0	0.660
130^b	Shows interest in other children/adults	7.8^d	0.646
125^b	Utters sounds of joy	1.1	0.642
127^b	Gives or shows something to somebody	0.8	0.616
139^b	Likes to play games with others	3.7^d	0.611
142^b	Reacts when being spoken to	3.7^d	0.526
137^b	Pays attention when being spoken to	0.7	0.509
121^b	Asks attention when being alone	6.0	0.531
141^b	Reacts when name is called	3.7^d	0.511
132^b	Enjoys learning new things	7.1^d	0.499
120^b	Shows that he/she distinguishes parents from others	3.8^d	0.486
133^b	Likes cuddling	8.7^d	0.485
118^b	Makes eye contact easily	7.9^d	0.471
104^b	Reaches when he/she wants to be held	7.6	0.456
134^b	Stops wailing when being spoken to	1.7	0.446
128^b	Uses objects for imaginative play	1.0	0.445
122^b	Wants to do things him/herself	7.6^d	0.420
108^b	Imitates complex tasks^c	6.3	0.361
	8 Sleep problems			0.67
22	Cannot sleep alone	6.5	0.815
38	Finds it difficult to fall asleep	5.7	0.762

^aTotal number of items was 62. Only items with factor loading ≥ 0.30 were included (58). Other items were omitted (4): 24 Does not eat well; 102 Points at things to show; 110 Keeps on trying; 124 Repeats stereotypic movements.
^bItems were reversely coded.
^cAdjusted or alternative items.
^dProportions of children with score ‘1’ and ‘2’ were combined and considered as deviant (<limit of 10%); in all other cases only a score of 2 represented deviant behaviour.

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ISSN: 1753-2000

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