Different stability of social-communication problems and negative demanding behaviour from infancy to toddlerhood in a large Dutch population sample

Möricke, Esmé; Lappenschaar, GA Martijn; Swinkels, Sophie HN; Rommelse, Nanda NJ; Buitelaar, Jan K

doi:10.1186/1753-2000-8-19

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

Table 5 Weighted factor scores (wfs; proportions) and Cohen's d values of USQ and SBQ factors ( N = 4,237)

From: Different stability of social-communication problems and negative demanding behaviour from infancy to toddlerhood in a large Dutch population sample

Factors USQ (T1)	Class 1		Class 2		Class 3		Class 4		Class 5		F (4, 4232); p^#
	32.9%		35.8%		4.4%		17.1%		9.8%
	wfs	d	wfs	d	wfs	d	wfs	d	wfs	d
1 Deviant communication	0.06	0.00	0.09	0.36	0.40	*2.49* ^**	0.31	*2.12* ^**	0.13	0.69	962.86; < 0.001
2 Negative emotionality	0.08	0.00	0.23	*2.43* ^**	0.30	*2.80* ^**	0.10	0.43	0.45	*4.67* ^**	2,904.45; < 0.001
3 Deviant reactive behaviour	0.00	0.00	0.00	-0.04	0.00	0.08	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.10	3.68; < 0.001
4 Deviant play behaviour	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.13	0.06	0.57	0.02	0.30	0.01	0.29	55.35; < 0.001
5 Demanding behaviour	0.27	0.00	0.22	-0.27	0.32	0.23	0.30	0.20	0.54	*1.08* ^*	203.11; < 0.001
6 Social anxiety/inhibition	0.07	0.00	0.10	0.25	0.14	0.52	0.07	0.07	0.17	0.69	53.27; < 0.001
7 Advanced social interaction problems	0.04	0.00	0.06	0.40	0.25	*2.04* ^**	0.14	*1.30* ^*	0.09	*0.81* ^*	527.95; < 0.001
8 Basic social interaction problems	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.30	0.11	0.77	0.03	0.34	0.07	0.67	88.53; < 0.001
9 Sleep problems	0.10	0.00	0.16	0.38	0.26	*0.90* ^*	0.13	0.22	0.30	*1.14* ^*	138.49; < 0.001
Factors SBQ (T2)	Class 1		Class 2		Class 3		Class 4		Class 5		F (4, 4232); p ^#
	31.4%		36.7%		9.3%		17.1%		5.5%
	wfs	d	wfs	d	wfs	d	wfs	d	wfs	d
1 Language problems	0.03	0.00	0.04	0.19	0.29	*1.39* ^**	0.10	0.62	0.13	0.69	351.52; < 0.001
2 Negative emotionality	0.06	0.00	0.22	*2.39* ^**	0.26	*2.50* ^**	0.08	0.44	0.44	*4.03* ^**	2,087.01; < 0.001
3 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems	0.06	0.00	0.21	*0.97* ^*	0.34	*1.59* ^**	0.11	0.37	0.47	*2.00* ^**	451,86; < 0.001
4 Deviant play behaviour	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.29	0.21	*1.27* ^*	0.13	*0.95* ^*	0.10	0.77	313.50; < 0.001
5 Demanding behaviour	0.33	0.00	0.19	*-0.99* ^*	0.24	-0.63	0.31	-0.17	0.71	*2.42* ^**	680.53; < 0.001
6 Deviant affective behaviour	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.27	0.13	*1.07* ^*	0.04	0.61	0.07	*0.81* ^*	263.49; < 0.001
7 Communication and interaction problems	0.04	0.00	0.06	0.67	0.24	*2.41* ^**	0.15	*2.20* ^**	0.13	*1.32* ^**	1,188.02; < 0.001
8 Sleep problems	0.10	0.00	0.21	0.44	0.24	0.53	0.10	-0.03	0.34	*0.84* ^*	86.07; < 0.001

#The weighted factor score is the obtained factor sum score divided by the maximum factor sum score, and has a value between 0 and 1. Higher scores indicated that children lacked more competences or showed more problems. Most differences in weighted factor scores between classes were significant (p < 0.001). However, the following contrasts were not significantly different: USQ: factor 3 classes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; factor 4 classes 1 and 2, classes 2 and 5, classes 4 and 5; factor 5 classes 1, 3, and 4; factor 6 classes 1, 2, and 4, classes 3 and 5; factor 8 classes 2 and 4; factor 9 classes 3 and 5. SBQ: factor 1 classes 1 and 2, classes 4 and 5; factor 4 classes 4 and 5; factor 5 classes 1 and 4; factor 6 classes 1 and 2; factor 8 classes 1 and 4, classes 2 and 3.
Cohen’s d: comparison between the weighted factor score of class 1 versus classes 2, 3, 4, and 5; * large effect size (d ≥ 0.80); ** very large effect size (d ≥ 1.30).

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ISSN: 1753-2000

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