Table 1 Sample char acteristics
| Â | Total | No pain | Recurrent pain | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 5,504 (100) | 4,575 (83.12) | 929 (16.88) | Â | |
Type of school, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 | ||
 Hauptschule [reference] | 1,573 (28.58) | 1,269 (27.74) | 304 (32.72) |  | |
 Realschule | 1,804 (32.78) | 1,459 (31.89) | 345 (37.14) | ||
 Gymnasium | 1,978 (35.94) | 1,727 (37.75) | 251 (27.02) | ||
 Foerderschule | 149 (2.71) | 120 (2.62) | 29 (3.12) | ||
Gender, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 | ||
 Male [reference] | 2,680 (48.69) | 2,427 (53.05) | 253 (27.23) |  | |
 Female | 2,609 (47.40) | 1,970 (43.06) | 639 (68.78) | ||
 Item missing | 215 (3.91) | 178 (3.89) | 37 (3.98) | ||
Housing situation: living with, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 | ||
 Both parents [reference] | 4,039 (73.38) | 3,414 (74.62) | 625 (67.28) |  | |
 Mother | 674 (12.25) | 546 (11.93) | 128 (13.78) | ||
 Father | 99 (1.80) | 81 (1.77) | 18 (1.94) | ||
 Mother and new partner | 428 (7.78) | 319 (6.97) | 109 (11.73) | ||
 Father and new partner | 46 (0.84) | 42 (0.92) | 4 (0.43) | ||
 Foster home | 19 (0.35) | 15 (0.33) | 4 (0.43) | ||
 With other person | 49 (0.89) | 36 (0.79) | 13 (1.40) | ||
 Item missing | 150 (2.73) | 122 (2.67) | 28 (3.01) | ||
Year of birth, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.062 | ||
 1987 | 108 (1.96) | 89 (1.95) | 19 (2.05) |  | |
 1988 | 724 (13.15) | 584 (12.77) | 140 (15.07) | ||
 1989 [reference] | 2,776 (50.44) | 2,286 (49.97) | 490 (52.74) | ||
 1990 | 1,882 (34.19) | 1,604 (35.06) | 278 (29.92) | ||
 1991 | 13 (0.24) | 11 (0.24) | 2 (0.22) | ||
 1992 | 1 (0.02) | 1 (0.02) | 0 (0.00) | ||
Self injury, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 | ||
 Never [reference] | 4,688 (85.17) | 4,055 (88.63) | 633 (68.14) |  | |
 1–3/year | 598 (10.86) | 408 (8.92) | 190 (20.45) | ||
 >3/year | 218 (3.96) | 112 (2.45) | 106 (11.41) | ||
Suicide attempts, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 | ||
 Never [reference] | 5,074 (92.19) | 4,323 (94.49) | 751 (80.84) |  | |
 One | 315 (5.72) | 193 (4.22) | 122 (13.13) | ||
 Multiple | 115 (2.09) | 59 (1.29) | 56 (6.03) | ||
General pain, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 | ||
 Never [reference] | 4,207 (76.44) | 3,810 (83.28) | 397 (42.73) |  | |
 Somewhat or sometimes true | 949 (17.24) | 765 (16.72) | 184 (19.81) | ||
 Very true or often true | 258 (4.69) | 0 (0.00) | 258 (27.77) | ||
 Item missing | 90 (1.64) | 0 (0.00) | 90 (9.69) | ||
Headache, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 | ||
 Never [reference] | 2,852 (51.82) | 2,727 (59.61) | 125 (13.46) |  | |
 Somewhat or sometimes true | 1,980 (35.97) | 1,810 (39.56) | 170 (18.30) | ||
 Very true or often true | 609 (11.06) | 0 (0.00) | 609 (65.55) | ||
 Item missing | 63 (1.14) | 38 (0.83) | 25 (2.69) | ||
Abdominal pain, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 | ||
 Never [reference] | 3,598 (65.37) | 3,296 (72.04) | 302 (32.51) |  | |
 Somewhat or sometimes true | 1,534 (27.87) | 1,254 (27.41) | 280 (30.14) | ||
 Very true or often true | 337 (6.12) | 0 (0.00) | 337 (36.28) | ||
 Item missing | 35 (0.64) | 25 (0.55) | 10 (1.08) | ||
YSR scales, mean (SD) | |||||
 1. Withdrawn/depressed | 3.00 (2.38) | 2.79 (2.24) | 4.07 (2.72) | <0.001 | |
 2. Somatic complaints | 2.93 (2.69) | 2.21 (1.99) | 6.47 (2.87) | <0.001 | |
 3. Anxious/depressed | 5.59 (4.54) | 5.43 (3.69) | 8.79 (4.96) | <0.001 | |
 4. Social problems | 2.06 (1.95) | 1.98 (1.87) | 2.49 (2.22) | <0.001 | |
 5. Thought problems | 1.45 (1.93) | 1.27 (1.73) | 2.32 (2.55) | <0.001 | |
 6. Attention problems | 4.58 (2.73) | 4.28 (2.61) | 5.98 (2.85) | <0.001 | |
 7. Delinquent behavior | 4.51 (3.16) | 4.25 (2.98) | 5.81 (3.65) | <0.001 | |
 8. Aggressive behavior | 8.8 (5.23) | 8.28 (4.96) | 11.2 (5.78) | <0.001 | |