Table 2 Multivariate analysis of variance demonstrates differential relationships between enjoyment and psychosocial functioning over time
Group | Variable | Baseline M (SD) | Follow up M (SD) | F | p | η2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enjoy baseline and follow up n = 1189 | Life events | 27.68 (5.03) | 28.63 (5.41) | 50.66 | 0.00 | 0.048 |
Self-esteem | 30.69 (4.93) | 30.25 (5.12) | 12.21 | 0.00 | 0.011 | |
Self-efficacy | 30.29 (3.89) | 30.66 (4.02) | 10.01 | 0.00 | 0.009 | |
Non-productive coping | 48.88 (11.77) | 50.05 (11.48) | 14.01 | 0.00 | 0.013 | |
Reference to others | 50.66 (13.34) | 50.93 (13.24) | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.000 | |
Problem solving | 66.84 (12.20) | 66.24 (11.59) | 3.57 | 0.06 | 0.003 | |
Optimism | 20.77 (4.27) | 20.69 (4.53) | 0.51 | 0.48 | 0.000 | |
Alcohol use | 1.91 (2.00) | 2.66 (2.72) | 147.46 | 0.00 | 0.113 | |
Psych. distress | 22.59 (6.04) | 23.05 (6.26) | 5.86 | 0.02 | 0.005 | |
NSSI | 0.84 (3.06) | 1.12 (3.45) | 8.96 | 0.00 | 0.008 | |
Enjoy baseline, not follow up n = 223 | Life events | 28.17 (5.60) | 28.97 (5.64) | 6.61 | 0.01 | 0.033 |
Self-esteem | 30.56 (4.86) | 29.68 (5.21) | 8.92 | 0.00 | 0.041 | |
Self-efficacy | 30.02 (4.02) | 29.90 (3.94) | 0.25 | 0.62 | 0.001 | |
Non-productive coping | 48.78 (11.55) | 50.97 (11.42) | 6.71 | 0.01 | 0.034 | |
Reference to others | 50.68 (12.61) | 50.14 (13.10) | 0.34 | 0.56 | 0.002 | |
Problem solving | 66.27 (10.78) | 63.57 (11.50) | 12.31 | 0.00 | 0.058 | |
Optimism | 20.17 (4.29) | 19.30 (4.70) | 9.55 | 0.00 | 0.044 | |
Alcohol use | 1.83 (2.07) | 2.82 (2.90) | 41.33 | 0.00 | 0.161 | |
Psych. distress | 22.80 (6.18) | 23.71 (6.38) | 2.82 | 0.09 | 0.013 | |
NSSI | 0.74 (2.94) | 1.32 (3.74) | 7.10 | 0.00 | 0.033 | |
Not enjoy baseline, enjoy follow up n = 165 | Life events | 28.53 (6.09) | 28.83 (6.04) | 0.478 | 0.49 | 0.004 |
Self-esteem | 30.09 (5.40) | 30.00 (5.28) | 0.06 | 0.80 | 0.000 | |
Self-efficacy | 29.14 (4.13) | 29.79 (4.14) | 3.75 | 0.06 | 0.024 | |
Non-productive coping | 49.47 (12.26) | 50.56 (13.28) | 1.29 | 0.26 | 0.009 | |
Reference to others | 48.87 (14.00) | 49.25 (14.27) | 0.12 | 0.73 | 0.001 | |
Problem solving | 64.82 (12.25) | 64.82 (12.92) | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.000 | |
Optimism | 19.83 (4.04) | 19.93 (4.46) | 0.11 | 0.74 | 0.001 | |
Alcohol use | 2.26 (2.53) | 3.16 (3.06) | 16.70 | 0.00 | 0.096 | |
Psych. distress | 23.67 (7.34) | 23.16 (6.43) | 0.91 | 0.30 | 0.006 | |
NSSI | 1.47 (3.96) | 1.67 (4.11) | 0.62 | 0.43 | 0.004 | |
Not enjoy baseline or follow up n = 189 | Life events | 28.66 (5.56) | 29.85 (5.95) | 10.12 | 0.00 | 0.063 |
Self-esteem | 30.03 (4.70) | 29.26 (5.30) | 4.80 | 0.03 | 0.029 | |
Self-efficacy | 29.37 (4.70) | 29.83 (4.20) | 2.01 | 0.14 | 0.013 | |
Non-productive coping | 49.55 (11.46) | 50.85 (12.26) | 2.11 | 0.15 | 0.013 | |
Reference to others | 46.94 (14.20) | 47.44 (13.64) | 0.26 | 0.61 | 0.001 | |
Problem solving | 64.47 (14.17) | 62.95 (13.13) | 2.56 | 0.11 | 0.014 | |
Optimism | 19.71 (4.29) | 19.33 (4.22) | 1.77 | 0.19 | 0.010 | |
Alcohol use | 2.14 (2.24) | 3.22 (3.13) | 37.92 | 0.00 | 0.175 | |
Psych. distress | 22.23 (5.62) | 23.68 (6.29) | 8.55 | 0.00 | 0.047 | |
NSSI | 0.98 (3.31) | 1.58 (4.02) | 5.46 | 0.02 | 0.029 |