Table 5 Multivariate analysis of variance demonstrates differential relationships between being worried or upset and psychosocial functioning over time
Group | Variable | Baseline M (SD) | Follow up M (SD) | F | p | η2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upset baseline and follow up n = 96 | Life events | 33.23 (6.96) | 34.38 (6.65) | 4.15 | 0.05 | 0.050 |
Self-esteem | 26.68 (5.75) | 25.73 (6.02) | 3.55 | 0.06 | 0.038 | |
Self-efficacy | 27.40 (4.44) | 28.84 (4.50) | 11.36 | 0.00 | 0.115 | |
Non-productive coping | 56.23 (12.34) | 58.79 (11.15) | 50.4 | 0.03 | 0.056 | |
Reference to others | 49.39 (12.69) | 51.67 (13.22) | 2.42 | 0.12 | 0.026 | |
Problem solving | 60.40 (13.12) | 60.00 (13.76) | 0.09 | 0.77 | 0.001 | |
Optimism | 17.66 (4.69) | 17.66 (5.63) | 0.000 | 1.00 | 0.000 | |
Alcohol use | 2.30 (2.67) | 3.72 (3.33) | 15.97 | 0.00 | 0.154 | |
Psych. distress | 29.14 (8.15) | 29.44 (7.92) | 0.11 | 0.75 | 0.001 | |
NSSI | 4.14 (5.90) | 5.58 (6.00) | 6.75 | 0.01 | 0.074 | |
Upset baseline, not follow up n = 197 | Life events | 30.51 (5.61) | 30.70 (5.73) | 0.28 | 0.60 | 0.002 |
Self-esteem | 28.50 (5.15) | 28.87 (4.89) | 1.63 | 0.20 | 0.009 | |
Self-efficacy | 28.94 (4.24) | 29.78 (4.03) | 7.29 | 0.01 | 0.040 | |
Non-productive coping | 53.79 (12.28) | 53.18 (10.79) | 0.57 | 0.45 | 0.003 | |
Reference to others | 50.24 (13.58) | 51.16 (13.62) | 1.10 | 0.30 | 0.006 | |
Problem solving | 63.40 (11.78) | 63.39 (11.54) | 0.000 | 0.98 | 0.000 | |
Optimism | 18.82 (4.41) | 18.86 (4.58) | 0.02 | 0.90 | 0.000 | |
Alcohol use | 2.26 (2.23) | 3.18 (2.89) | 30.15 | 0.00 | 0.136 | |
Psych. distress | 25.64 (7.00) | 24.24 (6.16) | 7.02 | 0.01 | 0.036 | |
NSSI | 1.81 (4.35) | 2.00 (4.35) | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.003 | |
Not upset baseline, upset follow up n = 131 | Life events | 28.81 (4.97) | 31.85 (5.75) | 37.67 | 0.00 | 0.260 |
Self-esteem | 29.82 (4.81) | 27.33 (5.44) | 32.37 | 0.00 | 0.217 | |
Self-efficacy | 30.04 (4.19) | 29.19 (3.88) | 4.92 | 0.03 | 0.042 | |
Non-productive coping | 50.17 (10.87) | 54.51 (11.88) | 15.67 | 0.00 | 0.127 | |
Reference to others | 50.83 (13.65) | 50.79 (12.19) | 0.001 | 0.98 | 0.000 | |
Problem solving | 64.35 (12.34) | 60.66 (12.07) | 11.90 | 0.00 | 0.086 | |
Optimism | 20.34 (4.07) | 18.22 (4.39) | 31.18 | 0.00 | 0.206 | |
Alcohol use | 1.90 (2.10) | 3.02 (3.01) | 25.30 | 0.00 | 0.167 | |
Psych. distress | 23.86 (5.86) | 27.58 (7.42) | 28.51 | 0.00 | 0.192 | |
NSSI | 0.72 (2.93) | 2.54 (4.86) | 19.87 | 0.00 | 0.140 | |
Not upset baseline or follow up n = 1446 | Life events | 27.09 (4.79) | 27.88 (5.03) | 42.07 | 0.00 | 0.034 |
Self-esteem | 31.14 (4.67) | 30.69 (4.88) | 15.80 | 0.00 | 0.012 | |
Self-efficacy | 30.37 (3.86) | 30.66 (3.97) | 8.12 | 0.00 | 0.006 | |
Non-productive coping | 47.61 (11.37) | 48.85 (11.39) | 16.98 | 0.00 | 0.013 | |
Reference to others | 49.87 (13.38) | 49.87 (13.44) | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.000 | |
Problem solving | 67.28 (12.06) | 66.30 (11.76) | 10.48 | 0.00 | 0.008 | |
Optimism | 20.90 (4.12) | 20.81 (4.37) | 0.84 | 0.36 | 0.001 | |
Alcohol use | 1.86 (2.00) | 2.65 (2.76) | 189.53 | 0.00 | 0.119 | |
Psych. distress | 21.74 (5.44) | 22.32 (5.70) | 12.03 | 0.00 | 0.009 | |
NSSI | 0.57 (2.53) | 0.76 (2.95) | 8.16 | 0.00 | 0.006 |