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Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of ADHD subgroup as compared to psychiatric controls subgroup and healthy subgroup

From: Prevalence and correlates of ADHD among adolescents in a Beirut community sample: results from the BEI-PSY Study

Characteristic

ADHD

(N = 52)

Psychiatric controls (N = 81)

Healthy

(N = 377)

Total sample (N = 510)

Test statistic

p value

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Age

13.67

2.06

13.84

2.11

13.99

2.16

13.94

2.14

H = 1.120

0.571

Mean household size

4.94

1.16

4.75

1.34

5.12

1.45

5.05

1.41

H = 4.481

0.093

 

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

  

Male gender

35

67.31

42

51.85

207

54.91

284

55.69

\(\chi_{df = 2}^{2}\) = 3.421

0.181

Lebanese nationals

49

94.23

70

86.42

340

90.19

459

90.00

\(\chi_{df = 2}^{2}\) = 2.202

0.332

Parents relationship status

        

FET = 16.919

0.004†

 Married

46

88.46

66

81.48

355

94.16

467

91.57

  

 Separated

2

3.85

6

7.41

7

1.86

15

2.94

  

 Divorced

3

5.77

3

3.70

6

1.59

12

2.35

  

 One parent deceased

1

1.92

6

7.41

9

2.39

16

3.14

  

Biological father residing at home

46

88.46

71

87.65

356

94.43

473

92.75

FET = 6.247

0.043ˆ

Biological mother residing at home

48

92.31

75

92.59

368

97.61

491

96.27

FET = 7.288

0.021ˆ

Highest parental educational level

        

FET = 7.917

0.406

 Less than elementary

3

5.77

2

2.47

4

1.06

9

1.77

  

 Up to middle school

16

30.77

28

34.57

117

31.03

161

31.57

  

 High school degree

11

21.15

24

29.63

111

29.44

146

28.63

  

 University bachelor’s degree

17

32.69

22

27.16

117

31.03

156

30.59

  

 Master’s degree or above

5

9.62

5

6.17

28

7.43

38

7.45

  

Total household monthly income (USD)

        

\(\chi_{df = 4}^{2}\) = 4.541

0.338

 233–800

20

39.22

36

44.44

126

33.78

182

36.04

  

 801–1600

21

41.18

34

41.98

167

44.77

222

43.96

  

 >1600

10

19.61

11

13.58

80

21.45

101

20.00

  

Positive psychiatric family history

8*

15.38

5

6.25

15

4.00

28

5.49

FET = 9.387

0.006

School Attendance

47

90.38

75

90.12

363

96.29

483

94.71

FET = 7.248

0.022ˆ

Schooling

        

FET = 2.862

0.569

 Formal public school

10

21.28

23

31.51

117

32.23

150

31.06

  

 Formal private school

36

76.60

47

64.38

231

63.64

314

65.01

  

Repeated at least one school grade

21*

44.68

26

35.62

87

23.97

134

27.74

\(\chi_{df = 2}^{2}\) = 11.566

0.003

Receives special education services

4

8.51

6

8.22

9

2.48

19

3.93

FET = 8.185

0.013ˆ

Receives tutoring at home

14*

29.79

20

27.40

42

11.57

76

15.73

\(\chi_{df = 2}^{2}\)  = 19.236

<0.001

  1. H Kruskal–Wallis test, FET Fisher’s exact test, \(\chi_{df = 2}^{2}\): Pearson chi square (df degrees of freedom)
  2. †The proportions of married, separated, divorced and widowed parents were significantly different between the psychiatric controls subgroup and the healthy subgroup
  3. ˆ Pairwise comparisons were non-significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons
  4. * Significantly different than the healthy subgroup after adjusting for multiple comparisons
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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

ISSN: 1753-2000