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Table 4 Association between dietary behaviours and mental health among adolescents

From: Dietary behaviour, psychological well-being and mental distress among adolescents in Korea

Weighted %

Well-being outcomes

Mental distress outcomes

Perceived health

Perceived happiness

Sleep satisfaction

Perceived stress

Depression

Poor

Good

p-value

Unhappy

Happy

p-value

Insufficient

Sufficient

p-value

Less

Much

p-value

No

Yes

p-value

Breakfast

 0 day

14.9

16.8

14.1

< .0001

17.2

13.7

< .0001

15.5

13.1

< .0001

13.7

16.8

< .0001

14.3

16.7

< .0001

 1 day

6.0

7.0

5.6

 

6.9

5.5

 

6.3

5.0

 

5.6

6.6

 

5.6

6.9

 

 2 days

7.4

8.4

7.0

 

8.4

6.9

 

7.7

6.4

 

6.9

8.2

 

6.9

8.6

 

 3 days

7.5

8.0

7.3

 

8.5

7.0

 

7.8

6.8

 

7.2

8.1

 

7.3

8.0

 

 4 days

6.5

7.3

6.2

 

6.6

6.5

 

6.8

5.7

 

6.4

6.7

 

6.3

7.1

 

 5 days

10.7

11.7

10.3

 

11.2

10.4

 

11.2

9.1

 

10.5

10.9

 

10.5

11.2

 

 6 days

8.6

8.3

8.8

 

8.3

8.8

 

8.9

7.9

 

8.8

8.4

 

8.7

8.6

 

 7 days

38.4

32.6

40.8

 

33.0

41.2

 

35.8

46.0

 

40.9

34.3

 

40.3

32.9

 

Soft drinks

 I did not drink

24.2

24.5

24.1

< .0001

24.3

24.1

< .0001

23.8

25.2

< .0001

24.1

24.4

< .0001

24.8

22.4

< .0001

 1–2 times/week

48.7

47.0

49.4

 

46.7

49.8

 

48.7

49.0

 

49.7

47.1

 

49.4

46.7

 

 3–4 times/week

18.9

19.1

18.7

 

19.3

18.6

 

19.1

18.3

 

18.8

19.0

 

18.4

20.3

 

 5–6 times/week

4.3

4.7

4.2

 

4.9

4.0

 

4.5

3.9

 

4.0

4.8

 

4.0

5.2

 

 Once/day

2.0

2.3

1.9

 

2.4

1.9

 

2.0

2.0

 

1.8

2.4

 

1.9

2.5

 

 Twice/day

0.9

1.1

0.8

 

1.1

0.8

 

1.0

0.7

 

0.8

1.0

 

0.8

1.2

 

 3+ times/day

0.9

1.3

0.8

 

1.3

0.8

 

1.0

0.8

 

0.7

1.3

 

0.7

1.5

 

Highly caffeinated drink

 I did not drink

86.2

83.4

87.3

< .0001

83.0

87.8

< .0001

85.2

89.2

< .0001

88.4

82.5

< .0001

88.1

80.7

< .0001

 1–2 times/week

9.9

11.2

9.3

 

11.4

9.1

 

10.4

8.2

 

8.7

11.8

 

8.9

12.7

 

 3–4 times/week

2.2

2.8

2.0

 

3.1

1.8

 

2.5

1.5

 

1.6

3.2

 

1.8

3.4

 

 5–6 times/week

0.8

1.0

0.7

 

1.1

0.6

 

0.8

0.6

 

0.6

1.0

 

0.6

1.4

 

 Once/day

0.5

0.8

0.4

 

0.8

0.4

 

0.6

0.2

 

0.3

0.8

 

0.4

1.0

 

 Twice/day

0.2

0.4

0.1

 

0.3

0.1

 

0.2

0.1

 

0.1

0.3

 

0.1

0.4

 

 3+ times/day

0.2

0.3

0.2

 

0.3

0.2

 

0.2

0.2

 

0.2

0.4

 

0.1

0.5

 

Sweetened drinks

 I did not drink

15.4

15.1

15.5

< .0001

15.5

15.4

< .0001

14.4

18.2

< .0001

16.0

14.5

< .0001

16.3

12.8

< .0001

 1–2 times/week

43.2

41.3

43.9

 

41.5

44.0

 

42.6

44.7

 

44.6

40.8

 

44.2

40.3

 

 3–4 times/week

26.4

26.4

26.5

 

26.6

26.4

 

27.0

24.7

 

26.1

27.1

 

25.8

28.5

 

 5–6 times/week

8.0

8.7

7.7

 

8.5

7.7

 

8.4

6.6

 

7.4

8.9

 

7.6

9.2

 

 Once/day

4.3

4.9

4.0

 

4.5

4.1

 

4.5

3.5

 

3.8

5.0

 

3.9

5.2

 

 Twice/day

1.5

1.9

1.4

 

1.8

1.4

 

1.7

1.1

 

1.2

2.1

 

1.3

2.3

 

 3+ times/day

1.2

1.7

1.0

 

1.5

1.0

 

1.2

1.1

 

0.9

1.7

 

1.0

1.8

 

Fast foods

 I did not eat

22.8

21.9

23.2

< .0001

22.3

23.1

< .0001

21.8

25.9

< .0001

23.4

22.0

< .0001

23.7

20.3

< .0001

 1–2 times/week

60.4

59.1

61.0

 

58.7

61.3

 

60.6

60.0

 

61.2

59.1

 

61.2

58.4

 

 3–4 times/week

13.7

15.1

13.1

 

14.9

13.0

 

14.4

11.5

 

12.8

15.1

 

12.7

16.5

 

 5–6 times/week

1.9

2.3

1.7

 

2.4

1.6

 

2.0

1.5

 

1.7

2.2

 

1.6

2.6

 

 Once/day

0.7

1.0

0.6

 

1.0

0.6

 

0.7

0.7

 

0.6

1.0

 

0.6

1.2

 

 Twice/day

0.2

0.3

0.2

 

0.3

0.2

 

0.2

0.2

 

0.2

0.3

 

0.2

0.4

 

 3+ times/day

0.2

0.3

0.2

 

0.4

0.2

 

0.3

0.2

 

0.2

0.4

 

0.1

0.6

 

Fruits (excluding fruit juices)

 I did not eat

8.6

11.7

7.4

< .0001

11.8

7.0

< .0001

9.1

7.5

< .0001

7.6

10.5

< .0001

8.3

9.7

< .0001

 1–2 times/week

28.7

32.1

27.4

 

32.3

27.0

 

30.0

25.1

 

27.7

30.4

 

28.3

29.9

 

 3–4 times/week

27.9

26.5

28.4

 

26.6

28.5

 

27.9

27.8

 

28.8

26.4

 

28.2

26.9

 

 5–6 times/week

11.5

10.4

12.0

 

10.4

12.1

 

11.3

12.2

 

11.9

11.0

 

11.8

10.8

 

 Once/day

12.6

10.8

13.4

 

10.6

13.6

 

12.2

14.0

 

13.1

11.8

 

12.8

12.2

 

 Twice/day

6.1

5.0

6.6

 

4.5

6.9

 

5.6

7.7

 

6.4

5.7

 

6.3

5.8

 

 3+ times/day

4.4

3.4

4.8

 

3.7

4.8

 

3.9

5.9

 

4.6

4.2

 

4.3

4.7

 

Vegetable (excluding Kimchi)

 I did not eat

3.8

5.6

3.1

< .0001

5.1

3.1

< .0001

4.0

3.0

< .0001

3.1

5.0

< .0001

3.5

4.5

< .0001

 1–2 times/week

15.5

19.4

13.9

 

18.5

14.0

 

16.5

12.7

 

14.7

16.8

 

15.0

17.0

 

 3–4 times/week

24.3

26.0

23.6

 

25.6

23.6

 

24.8

22.8

 

24.4

24.0

 

24.4

23.8

 

 5–6 times/week

14.2

13.3

14.5

 

13.6

14.4

 

14.0

14.5

 

14.5

13.6

 

14.4

13.5

 

 Once/day

13.0

12.0

13.4

 

12.5

13.3

 

12.9

13.4

 

13.4

12.4

 

13.0

13.0

 

 Twice/day

14.9

12.4

15.9

 

12.9

15.9

 

14.6

15.8

 

15.3

14.3

 

15.2

14.3

 

 3+ times/day

14.3

11.3

15.5

 

11.7

15.7

 

13.1

17.9

 

14.5

14.0

 

14.5

13.9

 

Milk

 I did not drink

16.2

20.7

14.4

< .0001

19.7

14.4

< .0001

17.2

13.2

< .0001

14.4

19.1

< .0001

15.5

18.1

< .0001

 1–2 times/week

22.6

25.3

21.5

 

24.4

21.6

 

23.8

19.2

 

21.9

23.7

 

22.2

23.7

 

 3–4 times/week

20.2

19.8

20.3

 

19.8

20.4

 

20.3

19.8

 

20.5

19.7

 

20.2

20.1

 

 5–6 times/week

14.3

13.1

14.7

 

13.4

14.7

 

14.0

15.1

 

14.8

13.4

 

14.6

13.2

 

 Once/day

16.0

12.9

17.2

 

13.7

17.1

 

15.3

18.1

 

16.9

14.4

 

16.5

14.7

 

 Twice/day

6.2

4.8

6.7

 

5.1

6.7

 

5.6

7.8

 

6.6

5.5

 

6.3

5.9

 

 3+ times/day

4.6

3.3

5.2

 

3.8

5.0

 

3.9

6.8

 

4.9

4.2

 

4.7

4.4

 
  1. All values are presented as weighted %
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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

ISSN: 1753-2000