Table 1 Demographic information on the sample by diagnosis and concordance for 58 twin pairs
From: Minor physical anomalies in neurodevelopmental disorders: a twin study
TD | ASD | ADHD | NDD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concordant | Concordant | Discordant | Concordant | Discordant | Concordant | Discordant | ||||
Number of pairs | 19 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 22 | 17 | |||
Zygosity by pairs (MZ:DZ) | 18:1 | 8:0 | 10:2 | 12:1 | 7:4 | 19:3 | 14:3 | |||
Sex by twin (female:male) | 21:17 | 6:10 | 9:15 | 8:18 | 8:14 | 10:34 | 19:15 | |||
Age, mean | 15.26 | 13.88 | 13.50 | 13.69 | 13.00 | 14.14 | 12.59 | |||
Affected twin | Co-twin | Affected twin | Co-twin | Affected twin | Co-twin | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IQ, mean | 103.37 | 83.44 | 91.25 | 97.92 | 86.85 | 101.27 | 97.27 | 86.52 | 94.82 | 97.94 |
(SD, range) | (13.80, 81–138) | (16.73, 58–110) | (18.78, 69–121) | (17.20, 65–121) | (14.56, 64–110) | (11.22, 84–121) | (9.98, 85–121) | (15.72, 58–115) | (16.16, 70–121) | (11.50, 77–121) |
SRS-2, total raw mean | 18.47 | 89.81 | 87.75 | 36.42 | 79.77 | 56.91 | 32.18 | 70.68 | 57.53 | 25.82 |
(SD, range) | (14.58, 0–65) | (33.30, 38–141) | (27.02, 41–130) | (23.29, 8–93) | (37.27, 33–142) | (34.35, 15–117) | (15.57, 14–55) | (38.10, 14–142) | (33.78, 3–117) | (13.19, 8–51) |
# Participants with other diagnoses | ||||||||||
ASD: n (%) | 16 (100.00) | 12 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 12 (46.15) | 4 (36.36) | 1 (9.09) | 19 (43.18) | 9 (52.94) | ||
ADHD: n (%) | 0 (0.00) | 11 (68.75) | 5 (41.67) | 2 (16.67) | 26 (100.00) | 11 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 30 (68.18) | 7 (41.17) | 0 (0.00) |
ID: n (%) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (25.00) | 1 (8.33) | 1 (8.33) | 4 (15.38) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 8 (18.18) | 1 (5.88) | 0 (0.00) |
Other NDD: n (%) | 0 (0.00) | 7 (43.75) | 5 (41.67) | 1 (8.33) | 12 (46.15) | 4 (36.36) | 3 (27.27) | 23 (52.27) | 7 (41.17) | 0 (0.00) |