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Table 1 Distribution of mental health problems, future violent arrest, and control variables across ethnic groups

From: The relation between mental health problems and future violence among detained male juveniles

 

Dutch (n = 284)

Moroccan (n = 321)

Surin/Ant (n = 266)

Mixed Origin (n = 378)

M

(SD)

M

(SD)

M

(SD)

M

(SD)

Alcohol/drug use

2.50a

(2.44)

0.52b

(1.30)

1.39c

(1.97)

1.29c

(1.97)

Angry-irritable

2.90a

(2.43)

1.34b

(1.89)

2.26c

(2.11)

2.03c

(2.12)

Depressed/anxious

1.50a

(1.58)

0.85b

(1.37)

1.35ac

(1.55)

1.33ac

(1.70)

Somatic complaints

1.99a

(1.45)

1.45b

(1.45)

1.72ab

(1.40)

1.78a

(1.43)

Thought disturbances

0.48a

(0.80)

0.27b

(0.67)

0.40ab

(0.76)

0.33ab

(0.73)

Suicide ideation

0.48a

(1.07)

0.09b

(0.43)

0.26c

(0.82)

0.28c

(0.83)

Conduct problems

2.53a

(1.88)

1.69b

(1.56)

2.13c

(1.67)

2.03c

(1.70)

Hyperactivity

4.78a

(2.41)

2.14b

(2.28)

2.90c

(2.27)

3.09c

(2.36)

Omnibus variable

2.32a

(2.02)

0.92b

(1.48)

1.44c

(1.66)

1.40c

(1.72)

Number of future violent arrests

0.40a

(0.76)

0.57ab

(0.96)

0.63b

(0.94)

0.49ab

(0.86)

Age

16.83a

(1.46)

16.70ab

(1.32)

16.62ab

(1.51)

16.50b

(1.44)

Number of past violent arrests

1.21a

(1.04)

1.32ab

(1.26)

1.54b

(1.18)

1.34ab

(1.10)

Follow-up time (weeks)

149.4a

(74.34)

134.2ab

(69.37)

145.1ab

(71.61)

130.7b

(72.38)

  1. Surin/Ant, Surinamese/Antillean. Means with different superscripts refer to significant group differences, based on Games-Howell correction for all but two variables: age and follow-up time. For these two latter variables Bonferroni correction was used because the homogeneity of variance criterion was met; the difference between Dutch and Mixed Origin boys in Thought Disturbances (p = 0.054), and between Dutch and Moroccan boys in number of future violent arrests (p = 0.06) almost reached statistical significance. Differences in Follow-Up Time almost reached significance when comparing Dutch with Moroccan (p = 0.06) and Surinamese/Antillean with Mixed Origin boys (p = 0.07)