Looking into the crystal ball: quality of life, delinquency, and problems experienced by young male adults after discharge from a secure residential care setting in the Netherlands

Table 2 Sample description (N = 46)

	Total group (N = 46)	Class 1 (n = 20)	Class 2 (n = 9)	Class 3 (n = 12)	Class 4 (n = 5)	Χ²/F	p-value
	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	Χ²/F	p-value
Length of stay at the hospital (in months)	20.2 (11.8)	19.6 (11.4)	26.1 (16.7)	19.1 (7.9)	14.8 (10.2)	F = 1.169	.333
Time after discharge (in months)	39.2 (16.7)	39.7 (18.2)	38.2 (17.5)	35.4 (13.2)	47.6 (18.7)	Χ² = 2.640	.451
Age at admission	16.8 (1.6)	16.4 (1.3)	18.1 (2.0)	16.7 (1.7)	16.8 (.8)	Χ² = 5.321	.150
Age at the time of the FU-study	21.9 (2.4)	21.4 (1.9)	23.7 (3.2)	21.3 (2.2)	22.0 (2.4)	F = 2.393	.082

	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Judicial measure						Χ² = 9.784	.084
Criminal law	21 (46%)	5 (25%)↓	7 (78%)↑	7 (58%)	2 (40%)
Civil law	21 (46%)	13 (65%)↑	2 (22%)	3 (25%)	3 (60%)
Voluntary	4 (9%)	2 (10%)	0 (0%)	2 (17%)	0 (0%)
Immigrants (1st or 2nd generation)^a (n = 41)	15 (37%)	6 (33%)	6 (67%)↑	1 (11%)	2 (40%)	Χ² = 5.916	.104
No previous convictions	8 (17%)	3 (15%)	1 (11%)	3 (25%)	1 (20%)	Χ² = 1.130	.849
Early onset of problem behaviour (< 12 years)	27 (59%)	9 (45%)	7 (78%)	7 (58%)	4 (80%)	Χ² = 3.591	.319
Psychopathology at discharge^b
Disruptive behaviour disorder	17 (37%)	7 (35%)	6 (67%)↑	4 (33%)	0 (0%)	Χ² = 5.992	.103
Autism spectrum disorder	20 (44%)	10 (50%)	1 (11%)↓	9 (75%)↑	0 (0%)↓	Χ² = 12.513	.004
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder	18 (39%)	10 (50%)	1 (11%)	5 (42%)	2 (40%)	Χ² = 4.064	.269
Substance disorder	11 (24%)	7 (35%)	4 (44%)	0 (0%)↓	0 (0%)	Χ² = 8.579	.022
Reactive attachment disorder	10 (22%)	2 (10%)	5 (56%)↑	0 (0%)↓	3 (60%)↑	Χ² = 13.826	.001
Less restrictive discharge placement^c (n = 44)	34 (77%)	17 (85%)	5 (63%)	8 (73%)	4 (80%)	Χ² = 2.111	.615
Completer^d	23 (50%)	9 (45%)	1 (11%)↓	10 (83%)↑	3 (60%)	Χ² = 11.223	.008

All information in this table is derived from the electronic patient database of the hospital
↑Adjusted residual > 1.96: higher value than expected; ↓Adjusted residual < − 1.96: lower value than expected
^a1st and 2nd generation immigrants were operationalised as persons who were born abroad themselves and persons with at least one parent who was born abroad
^bPsychopathology at discharge is derived from the, at the time of discharge, most recent DSM-IV-classifications from the patient database
^cA less restrictive discharge placement was operationalised as a discharge to home, other family or friends, sheltered housing, independent living, homeless, or foster care
^dCompleter was operationalised as a completed treatment in which all treatment goals were achieved

ISSN: 1753-2000