Table 2 Coding framework

Integrated care

General principles

Coordinated

40

Coordination in the care process across professional, organizational, and system boundaries

World Health Organization [4]

Coherent

11

Coherence in assessment and support, across professionals and in policies

World Health Organization [4]

Continuity

18

Continuous support over time (within and between professionals)

World Health Organization [4]

Family focused

42

Addressing the needs of all family members

Tausendfreund et al. [3]

(Lack of focus on) several life domains

33

(Lack of) focus on several life domains: academic, familial, social and personal

Tausendfreund et al. [3], Wang et al. [27]

Interprofessional collaboration (intern or extern)

79 (extern)

46 (intern)

Collaboration between professionals involved in the care process

Intern: collaboration with professionals within the own care team. Extern: collaboration with professionals from other organizations

Cooper [8], Hermens et al. [12], Janssens et al. [11], Van Straten et al. [13]

Expertise

Generalist/Specialist expertise

50

Broad knowledge and approach of problems (generalist) or in-depth knowledge and approach of problems (specialist)

Hoffses et al. [9]

Assessment

Early identification/Early assessment

14

Timely recognition of (potential) risk factors across several life domains

Bower and Gilbody [15], Linton et al. [14], Van Straten et al. [13]

Broad assessment

36

Assessment of a broad range of problems across multiple life domains

Bower and Gilbody [15]; Linton et al. [14]; Van Straten et al. [13]

Multiple, co-occurring problems

26

Interaction between multiple problems that occur simultaneously

Henderson et al. [23]; Tausendfreund et al. [3]

Service delivery

Availability of support

78

Availability of support throughout the continuum of care

Cooper et al. [8]; Meeuwissen [16]

Continuous clinical pathways/Fragmented care

48

Clear, non-fragmented routes of care through the entire continuum of care (universal services to primary care to specialized secondary care)/fragmentation between services or professionals

Cooper et al. [8], Hermens et al. [12]; Meeuwissen et al. [16]

Stepped care

Definition

Stepped care (definition)

4

Offering the least restrictive support as possible that is still likely to yield significant health gain and step up to more severe care if necessary

Bower and Gilbody [15], Meeuwissen [16], Bennett-Levy et al. [17]

Allocation of interventions

Predetermined sequence

7

Support ranked from low to high intensity in a predetermined sequence

Firth et al. [18], Meeuwissen [16], Richards [19]

Least restrictive

18

The least intensive support in terms of time, costs, and professional’s level of expertise

Meeuwissen [16], Van Straten et al. [13]

Intensity

14

Providing support by a predefined sequence of support options with increasing intensity

Bower and Gilbody [15], Firth et al. [18], Meeuwissen [16], van Straten et al. [13]

Assessment and evaluation

Reflexive monitoring/(ir)regular monitoring

15

Progress and outcomes are monitored by collecting data to assess if support must be altered

Meeuwissen [16], Richards [19], Bower and Gilbody [15]

(standardized and systematic) Evaluation

42

Periodically and systematically evaluate progress in a care process and collaboration

Van Straten et al. [13], Meeuwissen [16], Firth et al. [18], Bower and Gilbody [15]

Goal efficiency

14

Working efficiently towards concrete goals

Meeuwissen [16]

Disadvantage stepped care

Focus on individuals/single problems

3

Focus on individuals and single problems, omitting the complex interaction of problems

Cross and Hickie [25]

Variety in steps

5

Stepped care support is heterogeneous with different numbers of steps, intensity, and treatment components

Van Straten et al. [13], Bower and Gilbody [15]

Lack of predefined criteria/guidelines

41

Lack of predefined criteria and (clinical, practical, or evidence-based) guidelines for monitoring and evaluation of support hinder stepped care

Meeuwissen [16]; Van Straten et al. [13]

Under treatment

33

Inappropriate support or inefficient allocation of resources leading to an exacerbation of family’s problems

Linton et al. [14], Lovell and Richards [22]

Risk of drop out

10

Families refusing further support

Seekles et al. [26]

Matched care

Definition

Matched care (definition)

16

Allocation of support is based (matched) on families’ characteristics, preferences, risks, and needs

Van Straten et al. [13], Linton et al. [14]

Allocation of interventions

Tailored

52

Family’s needs and preferences are central in the allocation of support

Van Straten et al. [13], Linton et al. [14]

Disadvantage matched care

Lack of prognostic determinants

2

Lack of clear prognostic determinants to match families to the available support

Bower and Gilbody [15]; Van Straten et al. [13]

Variety of interventions

18

Support may vary across families regarding intensity, setting, and type of professional

Linton et al. [14]; Van Straten et al. [13]

Overtreatment

13

Families receiving too many support, leading to inappropriate allocation of services

Lovell and Richards [22]

Decision making

Decision making

Shared decision making

27

Shared decision making is based on collaboration between professionals and families, taking families’ preferences into account and jointly decide the type and intensity of support

Meeuwissen [16]; Van Straten et al. [13]

Intuitive decision making

27

Intuitive decision making, not based on reflexive monitoring, evaluation, or predefined determinants

Meeuwissen [16], Van Straten et al. [13]

Quality of services

Service delivery

User friendliness

10

Satisfaction with- and user friendliness of support

World Health Organization [4]

Safety

26

Professionals paying attention to a family’s safety

World Health Organization [4]

Open coding

Freedom of professional

28

A professional’s freedom to make her/his own decisions in the care process

Solution focused approach/therapy

16

Support that focuses on solutions rather than problems

Familiarity

50

Familiarity with other services or professionals (often affects the feeling of availability)

Trust

30

Trust between professionals

Early consultation

37

Early consultation function of professionals in for example schools to provide early support

Care plan

18

Care plan with goals for the entire family

Clinical case discussion

35

Clinical case discussions within multidisciplinary care teams to discuss and evaluate the care process

Stepping up

52

Step up to more intensive support if needed

Scale down

46

The opposite of stepping up, the provision of less restrictive support after intensive support

Integrated care definition/in general

29

Definition of integrated care, general aspects of integrated care

Warm handoff

14

The gradual transfer from one professional to another