Using the biopsychosocial model for identifying subgroups of detained juveniles at different risk of re-offending in practice: a latent class regression analysis approach

Table 2 Descriptive statistics (percentages of categorical variables, means and standard deviations of continuous variables) for the overall sample and the three subgroups

	‘Low risk – psychopathic traits’ (N = 37) class 3	‘Medium risk—adverse environment’ (N = 141) class 1	‘High risk—externalizing’ (N = 45) class 2	Overall sample (N = 223)
	%	%	%	%
Etnicity
Dutch	27.7	22.2	48.6	30
Western	3.5	2.2	5.4	3.6
Non-western	68.8	75.6	45.9	66.4
Socioeconomic status
Low	31.2	33.3	10.8	28.3
Middle	66.7	64.4	67.6	66.4
High	2.1	2.2	21.6	5.4
Criminal friends
Yes	71.6	88.9	56.8	72.6
No	28.4	11.1	43.2	27.4
Substance use
Non-user	14.2	0.0	21.6	12.6
Recreational user	18.4	17.8	0.0	15.2
Multiple user 1 substance	28.4	73.3	40.5	39.5
Multiple user > 1 substance	39.0	8.9	37.8	32.7

PT psychopathic traits, HR heart rate, PEP pre-ejection period, Lg transformed logarithmically, RSA respiratory sinus arrhythmia
NB: The descriptives in Table 2 show the mean differences in the sample. Due to sample fluctuations these differences may not be reliable for the population. In order to interpret relevant differences at population level we focused on the differences that had a standardized score of 1.8 (see Fig. 2)

ISSN: 1753-2000