Table 1 Eligibility criteria

Population

Studies focusing on children and young people (0–24 years); Studies were included if the reported mean or mode age was ≤ 24 years

Studies focusing on adult populations > 24 years; Studies focused on (pregnant) older parents

Concept

Studies exploring mental health symptoms or diagnoses, or mental health difficulties related to a primary physical/somatic condition

Studies with a primary focus on physical health (e.g., cancer and diabetes). Studies were also excluded if they: (a) primarily examined autism spectrum disorders or developmental disorders including intellectual impairment (i.e., mental retardation, severe foetal alcohol syndrome), language/communication disorders (i.e., receptive, expressive disorders) as these were beyond the scope of this study. Substance-use disorders were also excluded as they are often treated outside of generic child and adolescent mental health services

Context

English-speaking Caribbean region

Studies including samples of Caribbean immigrants and non-English speaking Caribbean states

Study design and publication type

Empirical studies with any research design (e.g., quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods)

Reviews or other study designs, or studies with non-human participants were excluded. Articles not published in English or publications containing insufficient extractable information were also excluded. Theses, book chapters, commentary articles, editorials, conference abstracts or protocols were not included in their current state but instead were trolled to identify associated peer-reviewed published articles for inclusion