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Table 2 Clinical correlates of lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury in patients with eating disorders

From: Lifetime prevalence and clinical correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury in youth inpatients with eating disorders: a retrospective chart review

 

AN-R

(n = 242)

AN-BP

(n = 56)

BN

(n = 84)

 

NSSI

(n = 20)

No NSSI

(n = 222)

t-test

U-test

χ2-test

NSSI

(n = 22)

No NSSI

(n = 34)

t-test

U-test

χ2-test

NSSI

(n = 40)

No NSSI

(n = 44)

t-test

U-test

χ2-test

 

M ± SD

Mdn (Q1,Q3)

n (%)

M ± SD

Mdn (Q1,Q3)

n (%)

df

z

t

U

χ2

p

M ± SD

Mdn (Q1,Q3)

n (%)

M ± SD

Mdn (Q1,Q3)

n (%)

df

z

t

U

χ2

p

M ± SD

Mdn (Q1,Q3)

n (%)

M ± SD

Mdn (Q1,Q3)

n (%)

df

z

t

U

χ2

p

Sex

–

–

1

0.1

1.000

–

–

1

0.0

1.000

–

–

1

0.0

1.000

 Female

20 (100)

213 (95.9)

–

–

–

22 (100)

33 (97.1)

–

–

–

40 (100)

43 (97.7)

–

–

–

 Male

0 (0.0)

9 (4.1)

–

–

–

0 (0.0)

1 (2.9)

–

–

–

0 (0.0)

1 (2.3)

–

–

–

Age of ED onset, years

13.6 (12.7,14.8)

14.0 (12.9,15.0)

− 0.7

1886.5

0.463

14.1 (13.2,15.2)

15.1 (14.0,16.1)

− 1.8

269.5

0.080

14.2 (13.1,16.0)

14.8 (13.9,15,5)

− 1.2

593.0

0.244

At hospital admission

               

 Duration of illness, months

12.7  ± 10.6

11.5  ± 11.1

237

− 0.5

0.637

17.9  ± 14.9

15.8  ± 15.5

54

− 0.5

0.609

21.6  ± 14.0

16.5  ± 11.4

73

− 1.7

0.089

 Age, years

15.1 (13.6,16.3)

14.9 (13.8,16.3)

− 0.1

2195.5

0.935

16.1 (15.2,17.0)

16.6 (15.5,17.2)

− 1.1

306.5

0.257

16.5 (15.3,17.2)

16.4 (15.6,17.2)

− 0.2

862.5

0.875

 BMI percentiles

1.0 (1.0,1.0)

1.0 (1.0,1.0)

− 0.1

2198.0

0.910

1.0 (1.0,2.0)

1.0 (1.0,1.5)

− 0.4

352.5

0.643

50.0 (19.9,75.0)

36.0 (19.5,72.5)

− 0.3

694.0

0.775

At hospital discharge

               

 BMI percentile

7.5 (2.3,16.0)

10.0 (6.0,16.5)

− 1.6

1716.5

0.103

9.0 (5.5,15.8)

10.0 (3.0,17.0)

− 0.4

341.0

0.705

48.0 (17.5,75.5)

31.0 (14.0,72.0)

− 0.8

157.5

0.406

 Weight change, kg/week

0.4 (0.3,0.4)

0.6 (0.4,0.7)

− 3.4

1184.5

0.001

0.4 (0.2,0.6)

0.5 (0.3,0.7)

− 1.5

274.0

0.126

− 0.0 (− 0.3,0.2)

0.0 (− 0.2,0.3)

− 0.6

265.0

0.558

 Treatment duration, days

119.3  ± 35.7

94.5  ± 42.5

239

− 2.5

0.012

108.7  ± 50.9

95.2  ± 49.8

54

− 1.0

0.331

93.6  ± 86.1

52.9  ± 32.6

49.5

− 2.8

0.007

Intelligence

               

 Above average

9 (45.0)

88 (39.6)

1

0.2

0.641

8 (36.4)

11 (32.4)

1

0.1

0.757

15 (37.5)

8 (18.2)

1

4.0

0.055

 Average

11 (55.0)

131 (59.0)

1

0.0

0.911

13 (59.1)

23 (67.6)

1

0.1

0.714

22 (55.9)

35 (79.5)

1

4.7

0.030

 Below average

0 (0.0)

3 (1.4)

1

0.0

1.000

1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.393

3 (7.5)

1 (2.3)

1

0.4

0.343

Family psychopathology and history of childhood abuse

               

 Family psychopathology present

17 (85.0)

138 (62.2)

1

3.2

0.073

15 (68.2)

26 (76.5)

1

0.1

0.708

23 (57.5)

22 (50.0)

1

0.5

0.491

 Suicide (attempt) environment

3 (15.0)

21 (9.5)

1

0.2

0.430

1 (4.5)

6 (17.6)

1

1.1

0.226

4 (10.0)

3 (6.8)

1

0.0

0.704

 History of childhood abuse

3 (15.0)

12 (5.4)

1

1.5

0.115

6 (27.3)

5 (14.7)

1

0.7

0.417

10 (25.0)

8 (18.2)

1

0.2

0.621

  Physical

1 (5.0)

6 (2.7)

1

0.0

0.458

3 (13.6)

2 (5.9)

1

0.3

0.371

1 (2.5)

2 (4.5)

1

0.0

1.000

  Emotional

1 (5.0)

4 (1.8)

1

0.0

0.353

1 (4.5)

3 (8.8)

1

0.0

1.000

5 (12.5)

4 (9.1)

1

0.0

0.730

  Sexual

0 (0.0)

3 (1.4)

1

0.0

1.000

4 (18.2)

0 (0.0)

1

4.2

0.020

4 (10.0)

2 (4.5)

1

0.3

0.418

Psychiatric comorbidities at hospital admission

               

 Average number

1.0 (1.0,2.0)

0.0 (0.0,1.0)

− 4.8

980.0

 < 0.001

1.0 (1.0,2.0)

0.0 (0.0,1.0)

− 2.6

228.0

0.009

1.0 (1.0,2.0)

0.5 (0.0,1.0)

− 3.6

507.0

 < 0.001

 At least one

17 (85.0)

79 (35.6)

1

16.7

 < 0.001

18 (81.8)

16 (47.1)

1

5.4

0.012

33 (82.5)

22 (50.0)

1

9.8

0.002

 Substance abuse

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

–

2 (9.1)

1 (2.9)

1

0.2

0.555

1 (2.5)

3 (6.8)

1

0.2

0.618

 Affective disorders, at least one

13 (65.0)

48 (21.6)

1

16.1

 < 0.001

11 (50.0)

11 (32.4)

1

1.7

0.187

21 (52.5)

13 (29.5)

1

4.6

0.032

  Persistent affective disorder

8 (40.0)

18 (8.1)

1

16.3

 < 0.001

7 (31.8)

6 (17.6)

1

0.8

0.367

13 (32.5)

10 (22.7)

1

1.0

0.316

  Major depression

7 (35.0)

30 (13.5)

1

5.0

0.026

5 (22.7)

7 (20.6)

1

0.0

1.000

8 (20.0)

4 (9.1)

1

1.2

0.215

   Recurrent depressive episode

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

–

1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.393

1 (2.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.476

 Anxiety disorders, at least one

3 (15.0)

5 (2.3)

1

5.8

0.021

1 (4.5)

1 (2.9)

1

0.0

1.000

1 (2.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.476

  Phobia

2 (10.0)

4 (1.8)

1

2.3

0.080

0 (0.0)

1 (2.9)

1

0.0

1.000

1 (2.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.476

  Panic disorder

1 (5.0)

1 (0.5)

1

0.8

0.159

1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.393

1 (2.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.476

  Mixed anxiety and depression

1 (5.0)

0 (0.0)

1

2.3

0.083

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

–

1 (2.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.476

  Generalized anxiety disorder

0 (0.0)

1 (0.5)

1

0.0

1.000

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

–

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

–

  Obsessive–compulsive disorder

2 (10.0)

21 (9.5)

1

0.0

1.000

2 (9.1)

3 (8.8)

1

0.0

1.000

2 (5.0)

0 (0.0)

1

0.6

0.224

  Adjustment disorder

0 (0.0)

5 (2.3)

1

0.0

1.000   1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.393

0 (0.0)

1 (2.3)

1

0.0

1.000

 Post-traumatic stress disorder

0 (0.0)

1 (0.5)

1

0.0

1.000

1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.393

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

–

 Personality disorder traits

4 (20.0)

9 (4.1)

1

6.3

0.015

7 (31.8)

3 (8.8)

1

3.4

0.038

19 (47.5)

6 (13.6)

1

9.9

0.002

  Borderline

1 (5.0)

2 (0.9)

1

0.3

0.229

4 (18.2)

3 (8.8)

1

0.4

0.415

12 (30.0)

5 (11.4)

1

3.4

0.064

  Combined

1 (5.0)

1 (0.5)

1

0.7

0.159

1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.393

4 (10.0)

0 (0.0)

1

2.7

0.047

  Histrionic

2 (10.0)

1 (0.5)

1

7.0

0.019

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

–

2 (5.0)

0 (0.0)

1

0.6

0.224

  Compulsive

0 (0.0)

4 (1.8)

1

0.0

1.000

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

–

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

–

  Anankastic

0 (0.0)

1 (0.5)

1

0.0

1.000

1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.393

1 (2.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.476

  Mixed and other

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

–

1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.393

0 (0.0)

1 (2.3)

1

0.0

1.000

 Disorders with onset in childhood/adolescence

0 (0.0)

4 (1.8)

1

0.0

1.000

1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

1

0.0

0.393

0 (0.0)

2 (4.5)

1

0.4

0.495

 Suicidal ideation

12 (60.0)

36 (16.2)

1

19.5

 < 0.001

15 (68.2)

10 (29.4)

1

6.6

0.010

27 (67.5)

17 (38.6)

1

7.0

0.008

 Suicide attempt

1 (5.0)

3 (1.4)

1

1.5

0.239

5 (22.7)

0 (0.0)

1

5.9

0.007

3 (7.5)

1 (2.3)

1

0.4

0.343

Psychiatric medication prescription during treatment

               

 Average number

0.0 (0.0,1.0)

0.0 (0.0,0.0)

− 2.5

1670.5

0.013

1.0 (0.0,2.0)

0.0 (0.0,1.0)

− 2.5

239.0

0.011

0.0 (0.0,1.0)

0.0 (0.0,0.0)

− 3.5

586.0

0.001

 At least one

9 (45.0)

47 (21.2)

1

4.6

0.032

14 (63.6)

10 (29.4)

1

5.1

0.024

17 (42.5)

4 (9.1)

1

10.8

0.001

  Antidepressants

7 (35.0)

29 (13.1)

1

5.3

0.021

12 (54.5)

9 (26.5)

1

3.4

0.066

15 (37.5)

4 (9.1)

1

8.1

0.003

  Antipsychotics

5 (25.0)

27 (12.2)

1

1.6

0.201

8 (36.4)

4 (11.8)

1

3.5

0.045

6 (15.0)

1 (2.3)

1

2.9

0.050

  Anxiolytics

1 (5.0)

1 (0.5)

1

0.7

0.159

0 (0.0)

0

(0.0)

–

–

–

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

–

  1. AN-BP: anorexia nervosa, binge-purge type, AN-R: AN, restricting type, BN: bulimia nervosa; disorders with onset in childhood/adolescence comprise asperger syndrome, combined disorder of conduct and emotions, conduct disorders, elective mutism emotional disorders of childhood, reactive attachment disorder, stutter, tics; intelligence: above average: IQ > 115, average: IQ 85–114, below average: IQ 70–84; Mdn: median, NSSI: nonsuicidal self-injury, SD: standard deviation, significant p-values ≤ 0.05 are bold
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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

ISSN: 1753-2000