Table 2 Descriptive results of several health related outcomes in n = 362 children in first grade of school, before and during COVID-19 pandemic, stratified by gender
COVID-19 pandemic | Before the pandemic (until 15th March 2020) | During the pandemic | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group no. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||
N | 52 | 117 | 129 | 64 | ||||
Age (years) | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | ||||
School enrollment | 2018 | 2018 | 2019 | 2019 | ||||
Girls, N (%) | 26 (50%) | 61 (52.1%) | 71 (55%) | 32 (50%) | ||||
Nationality mother, N (%) | ||||||||
German | 50 (96.1) | 111 (94.9) | 122 (94.6) | 57 (89.1) | ||||
Other | 2 (3.9) | 6 (5.1) | 7 (5.4) | 7 (10.9) | ||||
Years of school education mother, N (%) | ||||||||
≤ 9 | 2 (3.9) | 3 (2.6) | 3 (2.3) | 5 (7.8) | ||||
10 to 11 | 10 (19.2) | 35 (29.9) | 28 (21.7) | 18 (28.1) | ||||
≥ 12 | 39 (75.0) | 79 (67.5) | 98 (76.0) | 40 (62.5) | ||||
missing | 1 (1.9) | – | – | 1 (1.6) | ||||
Characteristics of child health | N | N | N | N | ||||
Health-related quality of lifea, mean (SD) | ||||||||
Girls | 23 | 79.5 (9.1) | 57 | 85.1 (8.1) | 71 | 86.3 (7.1) | 27 | 80.8 (8.6) |
Boys | 23 | 73.6 (11.7) | 53 | 82.8 (6.4) | 57 | 83.6 (10.5) | 29 | 82.1 (9.0) |
School | ||||||||
Girls | 23 | 66.3 (8.2) | 58 | 90.9 (11.3) | 71 | 91.7 (9.0) | 28 | 85.3 (12.8) |
Boys | 24 | 63.8 (11.5) | 53 | 88.0 (8.9) | 57 | 88.3 (14.0) | 30 | 89.4 (9.5) |
Social contacts | ||||||||
Girls | 23 | 77.7 (15.5) | 60 | 83.8 (11.3) | 71 | 82.5 (10.1) | 28 | 76.6 (16.5) |
Boys | 23 | 73.9 (18.3) | 56 | 78.3 (13.0) | 58 | 78.7 (14.1) | 30 | 74.4 (21.1) |
Family | ||||||||
Girls | 23 | 83.2 (9.7) | 61 | 83.4 (10.6) | 71 | 85.7 (9.2) | 32 | 79.4 (10.7) |
Boys | 24 | 76.6 (17.0) | 56 | 82.3 (10.2) | 58 | 82.0 (12.1) | 32 | 79.3 (12.6) |
Self-esteem | ||||||||
Girls | 23 | 81.0 (12.7) | 61 | 80.5 (12.7) | 71 | 81.3 (11.1) | 30 | 74.8 (14.4) |
Boys | 23 | 73.4 (17.8) | 56 | 76.5 (10.5) | 58 | 77.8 (15.8) | 32 | 74.8 (14.9) |
Physical well-being | ||||||||
Girls | 23 | 83.7 (12.0) | 61 | 85.3 (13.0) | 71 | 89.5 (11.1) | 29 | 85.3 (9.8) |
Boys | 24 | 75.8 (15.9) | 56 | 86.3 (12.0) | 58 | 87.9 (10.7) | 32 | 88.9 (9.5) |
Emotional well-being | ||||||||
Girls | 23 | 85.3 (11.1) | 61 | 85.6 (11.0) | 71 | 86.8 (10.1) | 30 | 84.2 (8.9) |
Boys | 24 | 79.7 (14.5) | 56 | 85.3 (13.4) | 58 | 85.3 (13.6) | 32 | 83.2 (12.3) |
Emotional and behavioral difficultiesb, mean (SD) | ||||||||
Girls | 26 | 7.0 (6.0) | 61 | 6.0 (3.8) | 71 | 5.0 (3.6) | 32 | 7.0 (5.3) |
Boys | 26 | 10.0 (7.5) | 56 | 7.4 (4.6) | 58 | 6.0 (5.2) | 32 | 7.9 (5.7) |
PA-Scorec mean (SD) | ||||||||
Girls | 26 | 0.9 (3.1) | 61 | 1.9 (3.0) | 71 | 1.4 (3.1) | 32 | 1.8 (2.4) |
Boys | 26 | 0.9 (2.7) | 56 | 1.9 (2.9) | 58 | 1.5 (2.9) | 32 | 1.9 (3.3) |
Physical inactived, N (%) | ||||||||
Girls | 24 | 13 (54.2) | 60 | 24 (40.0) | 71 | 34 (47.9) | 31 | 14 (45.2) |
Boys | 26 | 15 (57.7) | 56 | 21 (37.5) | 58 | 25 (43.1) | 32 | 12 (37.5) |
Screen-time, h/weeke, mean (SD) | ||||||||
Girls | 25 | 9.9 (10.2) | 61 | 6.2 (5.0) | 70 | 6.6 (4.9) | 31 | 7.4 (4.9) |
Boys | 26 | 5.2 (4.8) | 56 | 7.3 (7.4) | 57 | 6.3 (5.1) | 31 | 10.2 (8.4) |
Time spent with books h/weekf, mean (SD) | ||||||||
Girls | 25 | 8.1 (5.9) | 61 | 7.4 (5.6) | 70 | 6.0 (3.6) | 31 | 6.1 (3.5) |
Boys | 26 | 7.1 (5.1) | 56 | 7.2 (4.0) | 57 | 6.0 (4.3) | 31 | 6.3 (5.4) |
Sleep quality (CSHQ)g, mean (SD) | ||||||||
Girls | 22 | 45.3 (6.1) | 58 | 44.7 (5.6) | 63 | 45.2 (5.2) | 31 | 46.1 (4.8) |
Boys | 25 | 48.0 (7.6) | 50 | 45.8 (6.1) | 53 | 45.4 (7.8) | 29 | 44.2 (6.1) |