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Table 2 Mean differences in functional impairment across ADHD presentations among adolescents with ADHD

From: Associated predictors of functional impairment among adolescents with ADHD—a cross-sectional study

 

Self-ratings

Parental ratings

Functional impairment

Mean (SD), n

F

Tukey’s

Mean (SD), n

F

Tukey’s

Overall impairment

      

 ADHD-C = a

 ADHD-I = b

 ADHD UNS = c

17.38 (6.59), 72

12.52 (7.37), 56

10.29 (5.81), 28

14.35***

a > b, c***

18.29 (6.32), 72

17.76 (6.19), 57

15.43 (5.54), 30

2.34

NS

Impairment in school

      

 ADHD-C = a

 ADHD-I = b

 ADHD UNS = c

6.75 (2.50), 72

5.34 (3.18), 56

4.00 (2.65), 28

10.75***

a > b*

a > c***

7.38 (2.56), 72

7.25 (2.40), 57

6.07 (1.98), 30

3.34*

a > c*

Impairment with friends

      

 ADHD-C = a

 ADHD-I = b

 ADHD UNS = c

4.58 (2.93), 72

2.80 (2.91), 56

2.54 (2.27), 28

8.64***

a > b, c**

5.85 (2.44), 72

5.85 (2.49), 57

5.07 (2.55), 30

1.21

NS

Impairment at home

      

 ADHD-C = a

 ADHD-I = b

 ADHD UNS = c

6.04 (2.92), 72

4.38 (2.94), 56

3.75 (2.24), 28

9.04***

a > b, c**

5.07 (3.01), 72

4.67 (3.04), 57

4.30 (2.63), 30

0.78

NS

  1. ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD-C combined presentation, ADHD-I predominantly inattentive presentation, ADHD UNS unspecified ADHD, NS non-significant,
  2. SD standard deviation
  3. Note. The statistical analyses were performed with one-way analysis of variance, with Tukey’s post -hoc test
  4. Three participants were excluded from this analysis since they were categorized as manifesting with predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation
  5. Functional impairment was assessed with Child Sheehan Disability Scale, where overall impairment ranges from 0 to 30 and impairment in each life domain ranges from 0 to 10
  6. * p < .05
  7. ** p < .01
  8. *** p < .001