Vitamin D level in relation to depression symptoms during adolescence

Table 4 Association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and depression symptoms (CDI ≥ 19 score) before and after adjusting for potential confounders

Vitamin D	Prevalence of depression symptoms n (%)	Crude odds ratio [95% CI]	Adjusted ^a odds ratio [95% CI]
25 (OH) D levels nmol/L	–	0.99 [0.98, 1.01]	1.01 [0.99, 1.02]
p-value		0.458	0.233
Q1 (25 (OH) D < 21 nmol/L) (n = 173)	27 (15.61)	[Reference]	[Reference]
Q2 (25 (OH) D ≥ 21 to < 30.35 nmol/L) (n = 179)	24 (13.41)	0.84 [0.46, 1.52]	1.07 [0.54,2.13]
Q3 (25 (OH) D ≥ 30.35 to < 45 nmol/L) (n = 175)	22 (12.27)	0.78 [0.42, 1.43]	1.27 [0.60, 2.70]
Q4 (25 (OH) D ≥ 45 nmol/L) (n = 177)	21 (11.86)	0.73 [0.39, 1.34]	1.75 [0.77, 3.99]
p-value		0.760	0.549
Severe deficiency (25 (OH) D < 25 nmol/L) (n = 250)	39 (15.60)	[Reference]	[Reference]
Deficiency (25 (OH) D ≥ 25 to < 50 nmol/L) (n = 318)	41 (12.89)	0.80 [0.50, 1.28]	1.15 [0.65, 2.06]
Insufficiency (25 (OH) D ≥ 50 to < 75 nmol/L) (n = 110)	10 (9.09)	0.54 [0.26, 1.13]	1.12 [0.47, 2.71]
Sufficiency (25 (OH) D ≥ 75 nmol/L) (n = 26)	4 (15.38)	0.98 [0.32, 3.01]	2.13 [0.59, 7.67]
p-value		0.376	0.736

Q1-Q4: quartile one to quartile four; 25 (OH) D: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; ^a adjusted for all variables with p < 0.2 including gender, mother education, number of siblings, sleep hours during weekdays, sleep hours during weekend, number of times walking to from school, Body Mass Index categories, Parathyroid hormone and folate. p-value was generated by likelihood-ratio test

ISSN: 1753-2000