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Table 5 Multivariate associations between level of terrorist threat, parental, and child characteristics and school attendance with child mental health problems

From: Education as a protective factor for mental health risks among youth living in highly dangerous regions in Afghanistan

 

Emotional

Conduct

ADHD

Peer relations

Total difficulties

Impairement

 

OR

95CI

OR

95CI

OR

95CI

OR

95CI

OR

95CI

OR

95CI

Children

            

 Age (by year)

0.99

0.96

1.03

0.98

0.95

1.02

1.05

1.00

1.10

1.04

1.00

1.09

0.99

0.95

1.02

1.06

1.00

1.12

 Sex (girl vs boy)

0.95

0.80

1.12

0.61

0.52

0.72

0.91

0.73

1.14

1.09

0.88

1.35

0.83

0.70

0.98

1.02

0.79

1.31

 School attendance

0.67

0.54

0.82

0.91

0.74

1.12

1.06

0.80

1.41

1.93

1.50

2.47

0.93

0.76

1.15

0.70

0.53

0.94

Parents

                  

Economic situation

                  

 Very poor (ref)

                  

 Poor

0.86

0.61

1.21

1.11

0.79

1.56

0.86

0.54

1.38

1.45

0.95

2.21

0.90

0.63

1.28

0.60

0.39

0.90

 Middle income level

0.69

0.49

0.97

0.83

0.59

1.16

1.09

0.69

1.71

1.48

0.98

2.23

0.76

0.54

1.07

0.42

0.28

0.64

 Rich

0.63

0.38

1.04

0.80

0.48

1.31

1.33

0.69

2.55

1.38

0.73

2.59

0.90

0.54

1.49

0.86

0.46

1.61

Education

                  

 Mod-high (vs low)

0.75

0.61

0.93

1.03

0.84

1.25

0.84

0.63

1.13

1.03

0.79

1.34

0.83

0.68

1.02

1.06

0.77

1.46

Sex (Woman vs Man)

1.57

1.28

1.92

1.66

1.37

2.02

1.76

1.31

2.38

1.62

1.27

2.07

2.36

1.93

2.87

1.56

1.13

2.15

Ethnicity

                  

 Tajik (ref)

                  

 Pashtun

0.83

0.62

1.11

0.86

0.65

1.14

1.36

0.92

2.02

0.67

0.46

0.96

0.86

0.64

1.14

0.97

0.64

1.48

 Hazara

0.66

0.44

0.98

0.71

0.49

1.04

1.30

0.77

2.20

0.63

0.39

1.01

0.63

0.43

0.92

0.21

0.09

0.47

 Uzbek

0.91

0.62

1.34

0.86

0.58

1.28

1.19

0.70

2.02

1.33

0.77

2.29

1.13

0.76

1.67

0.73

0.30

1.75

 Other

1.08

0.72

1.61

0.64

0.43

0.96

0.69

0.37

1.27

0.91

0.55

1.53

0.70

0.47

1.05

1.13

0.63

2.05

Environment

                  

Rural (vs urban)

1.00

0.81

1.25

0.97

0.78

1.20

0.96

0.71

1.29

1.07

0.80

1.42

0.91

0.73

1.13

1.37

0.97

1.94

Danger level

                  

 Low/mild (ref)

                  

 High

1.62

1.22

2.16

0.98

0.74

1.30

1.16

0.79

1.69

1.40

0.97

2.02

1.99

1.49

2.65

0.68

0.45

1.03

 Very high

2.01

1.28

3.17

2.43

1.53

3.87

7.79

3.99

15.20

3.61

2.01

6.51

3.87

2.41

6.22

0.96

0.48

1.93

Region

                  

 Kabul (ref)

                  

 South

1.69

0.96

2.97

1.63

0.93

2.87

9.16

3.94

21.30

4.67

2.32

9.41

2.42

1.37

4.29

1.31

0.56

3.05

 East

0.87

0.59

1.28

0.56

0.38

0.82

1.18

0.70

1.98

1.74

1.06

2.85

0.87

0.60

1.27

1.46

0.86

2.48

 South West

1.37

0.78

2.40

1.88

1.07

3.29

5.25

2.15

12.79

4.29

2.19

8.41

2.35

1.33

4.14

0.68

0.28

1.65

 West

1.31

0.78

2.23

2.48

1.46

4.20

6.58

2.89

14.95

3.59

1.88

6.87

2.59

1.52

4.41

0.82

0.37

1.82

 North

1.35

0.84

2.18

1.37

0.84

2.24

9.41

4.66

19.01

2.72

1.46

5.04

1.66

1.01

2.73

0.35

0.16

0.77

 Central High Land

2.13

1.20

3.78

2.53

1.42

4.48

7.63

3.11

18.74

2.89

1.46

5.70

2.27

1.27

4.04

1.13

0.46

2.78

 North East

1.47

1.00

2.17

1.19

0.80

1.75

0.96

0.55

1.69

0.79

0.47

1.32

0.96

0.65

1.42

0.27

0.13

0.56

  1. Logistic regression on the presence/absence of above SDQ scales cut; controlled for level of danger, place of residence (rural /urban), ethnicity, child age (continuous), gender and attendance to school (yes/no), parent education (no education versus some), economic situation, gender and region 
  2. Bold signifies p<0.05; Italic p<0.10
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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

ISSN: 1753-2000