Association between COVID-19 risk-mitigation behaviors and specific mental disorders in youth

Table 2 Associations between Risk-Mitigation Behaviors and Lifetime Psychiatric Disorders

Disorder	Estimate	p	adjEst(a)	p	adjEst(b)	p
Factor 1: Avoidance behaviors
ADHD—I	0.06	0.47	0.06	0.42	0.06	0.48
ADHD—C	− 0.02	0.84	− 0.02	0.78	− 0.04	0.63
ASD	0.14	0.15	0.15	0.12	0.14	0.16
Depression	0.07	0.58	0.10	0.43	0.09	0.51
Anxiety	0.20	0.005	0.19	0.008	0.21	0.01
Behavior	− 0.05	0.57	− 0.06	0.54	− 0.08	0.40
Factor 2: Hygiene behaviors
ADHD—I	− 0.07	0.40	− 0.03	0.69	− 0.03	0.69
ADHD—C	− 0.20	0.01	− 0.19	0.01	− 0.20	0.01
ASD	− 0.08	0.38	− 0.06	0.51	− 0.07	0.50
Depression	− 0.23	0.06	− 0.23	0.07	− 0.23	0.07
Anxiety	− 0.03	0.69	0.01	0.92	0.01	0.90
Behavior	− 0.13	0.16	− 0.11	0.21	− 0.12	0.21
Mask wearing behavior
ADHD—I	0.03	0.29	0.04	0.24	0.04	0.21
ADHD—C	− 0.06	0.04	− 0.06	0.05	− 0.06	0.06
ASD	− 0.05	0.21	− 0.03	0.43	− 0.03	0.51
Depression	− 0.01	0.82	− 0.01	0.91	− 0.001	0.99
Anxiety	0.02	0.42	0.03	0.38	0.04	0.20
Behavior	− 0.05	0.16	− 0.05	0.22	− 0.04	0.27

Adj Est (a): Adjusted for sex, age, SES & single caregiver; Adj Est (b): Adjusted for sex, age, SES, single caregiver, and other psychological diagnoses; Bold font indicates statistical significance (p < .05). ADHD-I: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder inattentive/hyperactive type, ADHD-C: ADHD combined type; ASD: autism spectrum disorder; Depression: any depressive disorder including major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, depressive disorder due to another medical condition, unspecified depressive disorder, substance/medication-induced depressive disorder, other specified depressive disorder, other (or Unknown) substance-induced disorders); Anxiety: any anxiety disorder including generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety, social anxiety, specific phobia, agoraphobia, panic disorder, selective mutism, unspecified anxiety disorder, other specified anxiety disorder; Behavior: any other behavior disorder including oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, or other specificized disruptive, impulse-control disorder

ISSN: 1753-2000