Reciprocal relationships between self-esteem, coping styles and anxiety symptoms among adolescents: between-person and within-person effects

Table 2 Model fit indices of cross-lagged structural models and model comparisons for nested models

Models	Fit statistics								Difference tests of relative fit
Models	S-B χ²	df	p	CFI	TLI	RSMEA	90% CI	SMRS	Model comparison	DS-B χ² (df)^a	Dp	Scaling correction factor
1. Conventional cross-lagged panel model with freely estimated paths	152.602	9	< 0.001	0.964	0.867	0.090	0.078–0.103	0.031				1.309
2. Random intercept cross-lagged panel model with freely estimated paths	4.991	3	0.172	1.000	0.995	0.018	0.000–0.046	0.008	2 vs. 1	140.033 (6)	< 0.001	1.156
3. Both contemporaneous and cross-lagged paths are constrained to be equal (= no change over time)	20.696	15	0.147	0.999	0.997	0.014	0.000–0.027	0.015	3 vs. 2	15.737 (12)	0.204	1.192
4 Models with auto-regressive paths are constrained to be equal
a. Self-esteem paths	4.766	4	0.312	1.000	0.999	0.010	0.000–0.037	0.008	4a vs. 2	0.006 (1)	0.939	1.212
b. Coping styles paths	5.198	4	0.268	1.000	0.998	0.012	0.000–0.038	0.008	4b vs. 2	0.187 (1)	0.665	1.151
c. Anxiety symptoms paths	5.150	4	0.272	1.000	0.998	0.012	0.000–0.038	0.008	4c vs. 2	0.456 (1)	0.500	1.259
5. Select optimal model: reciprocal model with constrained auto-regressive paths and constrained cross-lagged paths	21.960	18	0.234	0.999	0.998	0.011	0.000–0.024	0.016	5 vs. 2	17.061 (15)	0.315	1.228
6. Controlling for covariates based on Model 5	142.532	78	< 0.001	0.989	0.982	0.021	0.015–0.026	0.027				1.115
7. Gender difference
a. Unconstrained model	71.359	48	0.016	0.994	0.991	0.025	0.011–0.037	0.035				1.245
b. Constrained model	128.921	60	< 0.001	0.983	0.980	0.038	0.029–0.048	0.074	7b vs. 7a	62.900 (12)	< 0.001	1.209

CFI comparative fit index, TLI Tucker–Lewis Fit Index, RSMEA Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, 90% CI 90% confidence interval of the RSMEA, D represents the comparisons of the model fit indexes of S-B χ² and df
^aChi-square difference calculated using the Satorra–Bentler Scale Chi-square difference test

ISSN: 1753-2000