Table 1 Descriptive statistics
China | UK | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | t (df) | |
PA | 18.89 (13.50) | 16.97 (13.67) | 2.38 (1131) |
PN | 15.06 (12.48) | 12.33 (13.73) | 3.49 (1131) |
PNS | 18.22 (11.38) | 20.81 (7.77) | − 4.51 (1131)*** |
ACE | 0.60 (1.23) | 1.14 (1.34) | − 6.99 (1101)** |
Self-esteem | 29.46 (5.19) | 28.21 (5.12) | 3.94 (1062) |
Anxiety | 30.75 (15.14) | 30.57 (18.18) | 0.18 (1084)*** |
Anger | 18.55 (5.13) | 16.19 (5.73) | 6.99 (1036)** |
Physical Aggression | 22.87 (5.73) | 18.28 (6.74) | 11.75 (1036)*** |
Hostility | 22.79 (5.92) | 22.42 (6.46) | 0.94 (1036)* |
Verbal Aggression | 14.87 (3.22) | 14.17 (4.34) | 2.93 (1036)*** |
Depression | 7.07 (5.10) | 10.27 (6.62) | − 8.67 (1060)*** |