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Table 3 Association of adverse childhood experiences with health risk behavior patterns

From: Exploring associations of adverse childhood experiences with patterns of 11 health risk behaviors in Chinese adolescents: focus on gender differences

ACEs

N = 16,853

Class2*

Class3*

Class4*

n (%)

OR (95% CI)a

n (%)

OR (95% CI)a

n (%)

OR (95% CI)a

Emotional neglect

      

 Yes

11,984 (71.1)

2134 (17.8)

1.17 (1.06–1.28)#

2661 (22.2)

2.46 (2.20–2.76)**

638 (5.3)

1.54 (1.30–1.83)**

 No

4869 (28.9)

939 (19.3)

1.00

443 (9.1)

1.00

205 (4.2)

1.00

Physical neglect

      

 Yes

3426 (20.3)

616 (18.0)

1.30 (1.17–1.45)**

946 (27.6)

2.01 (1.82–2.21)**

321 (9.4)

2.85 (2.44–3.32)**

 No

13,427 (79.7)

2457 (18.3)

1.00

2158 (16.1)

1.00

522 (3.9)

1.00

Emotional abuse

      

 Yes

5406 (32.1)

896 (16.6)

1.33 (1.21–1.46)**

1733 (32.1)

3.28 (3.00–3.58)**

479 (8.9)

3.59 (3.10–4.17)**

 No

11,447 (67.9)

2177 (19.0)

1.00

1371 (12.0)

1.00

364 (3.2)

1.00

Physical abuse

       

 Yes

5079 (30.1)

833 (16.4)

1.20 (1.09–1.32)**

1530 (30.1)

2.62 (2.40–2.86)**

430 (8.5)

2.95 (2.55–3.42)**

 No

11,774 (69.9)

2240 (19.0)

1.00

1574 (13.4)

1.00

413 (3.5)

1.00

Sexual abuse

       

 Yes

1396 (8.3)

213 (15.3)

1.25 (1.06–1.48)#

472 (33.8)

2.60 (2.27–2.98)**

176 (12.6)

3.88 (3.19–4.72)**

 No

15,457 (91.7)

2860 (18.5)

1.00

2632 (17.0)

1.00

667 (4.3)

1.00

Community violence

      

 Yes

2631 (15.6)

455 (17.3)

1.41 (1.25–1.59)**

829 (31.5)

2.70 (2.43–3.01)**

303 (11.5)

4.42 (3.76–5.20)**

 No

14,222 (84.4)

2618 (18.4)

1.00

2275 (16.0)

1.00

540 (3.8)

1.00

Peer bullying

       

 Yes

4852 (28.8)

771 (15.9)

1.14 (1.03–1.25)**

1544 (31.8)

2.73 (2.49–2.98)**

382 (7.9)

2.30 (1.98–2.67)**

 No

12,001 (71.2)

2302 (19.2)

1.00

1560 (13.0)

1.00

461 (3.8)

1.00

Household dysfunction

      

 Yes

6460 (38.3)

1979 (19.0)

1.15 (1.05–1.25)#

1415 (13.6)

2.00 (1.83–2.18)**

364 (3.5)

2.34 (2.02–2.72)**

 No

10,393 (61.7)

1094 (16.9)

1.00

1689 (26.1)

1.00

479 (7.4)

1.00

Numbers of ACEs

      

 5–8

3007 (17.8)

452 (15.0)

1.66 (1.43–1.93)**

1150 (38.2)

8.85 (7.41–10.56)**

361 (12.0)

6.20 (4.85–7.91)**

 3–4

4138 (24.6)

749 (18.1)

1.29 (1.14–1.47)**

979 (23.7)

3.82 (3.22–4.54)**

195 (4.7)

1.72 (1.33–2.22)**

 1–2

6576 (39.0)

1286 (19.6)

1.16 (1.04–1.30)#

786 (12.0)

1.84 (1.56–2.19)**

185 (2.8)

0.94 (0.73–1.21)

 0

586 (18.6)

586 (18.7)

1.00

189 (6.0)

1.00

102 (3.3)

1.00

  1. Class1: Low all, Class2: Unhealthy lifestyle, Class3: Self-harm, Class4: High all. * Class 1 was used as the reference category; a model 3: adjusted for grade, gender, residency, single child status, parents’ education level, family economic level, number of friends, self-evaluation of academic performance and psychological symptom; **p < 0.001; #p < 0.05
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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

ISSN: 1753-2000