Maternal weight, gut microbiota, and the association with early childhood behavior: the PREOBE follow-up study

Nieto-Ruiz, Ana; Cerdó, Tomás; Jordano, Belén; Torres-Espínola, Francisco J.; Escudero-Marín, Mireia; García-Ricobaraza, María; Bermúdez, Mercedes G.; García-Santos, José A.; Suárez, Antonio; Campoy, Cristina

doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00589-9

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

Table 3 Effects of maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity on children’s CBCL scores at 3.5 years of age compared to those born to healthy normoweight pregnant women (controls)

From: Maternal weight, gut microbiota, and the association with early childhood behavior: the PREOBE follow-up study

		Normal weight (n = 71) (%)	Overweight (n = 45) (%)	Obese (n = 40) (%)	p
Emotionally reactive	Normal	87.32	77.78	85.00	0.276
	Borderline	12.68	22.22	12.50
	Clinical Pathology	0.00	0.00	2.50
Anxious/depressed	Normal	92.96^a	75.56^b	90.00^a,b	0.018
	Borderline	4.23^a	22.22^b	10.00^a,b
	Clinical Pathology	2.82	2.22	0.00
Somatic complaints	Normal	88.73	77.78	77.50	0.210
	Borderline	8.45	13.33	20.00
	Clinical Pathology	2.82	8.89	2.50
Withdrawn	Normal	94.37^a	80.00^a	90.00^a	0.039
	Borderline	0.00^a	2.22^a	5.00^a
	Clinical Pathology	5.63^a	17.78^a	5.00^a
Sleep problems	Normal	88.73	82.22	95.00	0.303
	Borderline	1.41	4.44	2.50
	Clinical Pathology	9.86	13.33	2.50
Attention problems	Normal	92.96	95.56	97.50	0.945
	Borderline	5.63	4.44	2.50
	Clinical Pathology	1.41	0.00	0.00
Aggressive behaviour	Normal	98.59	88.89	95.00	0.055
	Borderline	1.41	11.11	5.00
	Clinical Pathology	0.00	0.00	0.00
Internalizing problems	Normal	76.06	51.11	67.50	0.055
	Borderline	8.45	15.56	5.00
	Clinical Pathology	15.49	33.33	27.50
Externalizing problems	Normal	94.37^a	77.78^b	77.50^b	0.020
	Borderline	2.82	6.67	12.50
	Clinical Pathology	2.82^a	15.56^b	10.00^a,b
Total problems	Normal	84.51^a	60.00^b	65.00^a,b	0.031
	Borderline	7.04	11.11	10.00
	Clinical Pathology	8.45^a	28.89^b	25.00^a,b
Affective problems	Normal	90.14	84.44	92.50	0.378
	Borderline	5.63	2.22	2.50
	Clinical Pathology	4.23	13.33	5.00
Anxiety problems	Normal	92.96^a	80.00^a,b	75.00^b	0.006
	Borderline	0.00^a	0.00^a,b	10.00^b
	Clinical Pathology	7.04	20.00	15.00
Pervasive developmental problems	Normal	85.92	71.11	82.50	0.393
	Borderline	8.45	17.78	10.00
	Clinical Pathology	5.63	11.11	7.50
Attention deficit/ hyperactivity problems	Normal	95.77	95.56	90.00	0.366
	Borderline	2.82	2.22	10.00
	Clinical Pathology	1.41	2.22	0.00
Oppositional defiant problems	Normal	100.00^a	88.89^b	92.50^a,b	0.008
	Borderline	0.00	6.67	7.50
	Clinical Pathology	0.00	4.44	0.00

Data are shown as percentages and p-values were obtained after Chi square test. Values who do not share the same suffix (ab) are significantly different in a Bonferroni post hoc test. Bold: p-value < 0.05

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ISSN: 1753-2000

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