Table 6 Differences between profiles in terms of socio-demographic, psychosocial, and other health-related factors in Sample 1 (2018)
From: Mental health profiles of Finnish adolescents before and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic
All | Profile 1 | Profile 2 | Profile 3 | Profile 4 | Profile comparison | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 974–3149 | “Good mental health” (n = 386–1375) | “Mixed psychosocial health” (n = 195–628) | “Somatically challenged” (n = 148–471) | “Poor mental health” (n = 245–675) | Overall | p-value | Pairwise comparison | |
%/M (SD) | %/M (SD) | %/M (SD) | %/M (SD) | %/M (SD) | χ2/F | |||
Sample 1 (2018) | ||||||||
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||||||
Gender, female (vs. male) | 51.2 | 39.7 | 56.1 | 58.6 | 65.1 | 140.79 | < 0.001 | 1 and 2c, 1 and 3c, 1 and 4c, 2 and 4d differ |
Grade | 48.46 | < 0.001 | ||||||
5th | 30.4 | 35.9 | 30.4 | 25.1 | 23.0 | 1 and 3c, 1 and 4c, 2 and 4e differ | ||
7th | 36.5 | 34.4 | 36.8 | 41.0 | 37.5 | No differences | ||
9th | 33.1 | 29.7 | 32.8 | 34.0 | 39.6 | 1 and 4c differ | ||
Language of instruction, Swedish (vs. Finnish) | 19.4 | 16.9 | 21.5 | 24.2 | 19.3 | 14.00 | 0.003 | 1 and 3c differ |
Relative family affluence | 20.83 | 0.002 | ||||||
Low | 17.1 | 15.6 | 19.1 | 18.3 | 17.8 | No differences | ||
Medium | 57.0 | 60.9 | 55.4 | 50.5 | 54.8 | 1 and 3c, 1 and 4e differ | ||
High | 25.9 | 23.5 | 25.5 | 31.2 | 27.4 | 1 and 3d differ | ||
Family structure | 36.14 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Nuclear family | 74.7 | 79.2 | 73.5 | 73.4 | 67.2 | 1 and 2e, 1 and 4c differ | ||
Single-parent family | 13.4 | 11.0 | 14.8 | 13.2 | 17.2 | 1 and 4c differ | ||
Step-family | 11.9 | 9.7 | 11.7 | 13.4 | 15.6 | 1 and 4c differ | ||
Urban residence (vs. rural) | 54.9 | 59.4 | 50.7 | 51.7 | 51.9 | 19.93 | < 0.001 | 1 and 2d, 1 and 3e, 1 and 4d differ |
Immigrant background | 18.62 | 0.005 | ||||||
First-generation immigrant | 4.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 4.7 | 7.0 | 1 and 4c, 2 and 4e differ | ||
Second-generation immigrant | 7.1 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 7.2 | No differences | ||
Native (non-immigrant) | 88.7 | 89.6 | 90.5 | 87.7 | 85.8 | No differences | ||
Psychosocial factors | ||||||||
Perceived home atmosphere | 4.32 (0.78) | 4.55 (0.59) | 4.23 (0.73) | 4.40 (0.67) | 3.90 (0.99) | 122.94 | < 0.001 | All profiles differ c |
Parental monitoringa | ||||||||
Maternal monitoring | 2.44 (0.45) | 2.53 (0.40) | 2.41 (0.44) | 2.48 (0.42) | 2.28 (0.50) | 36.07 | < 0.001 | 1 and 2c, 1 and 4c, 2 and 4c, 3 and 4c differ |
Paternal monitoring | 2.24 (0.53) | 2.36 (0.50) | 2.23 (0.52) | 2.24 (0.51) | 2.04 (0.56) | 37.07 | < 0.001 | 1 and 2c, 1 and 3d, 1 and 4c, 2 and 4c, 3 and 4c differ |
Family support | 5.70 (1.63) | 6.05 (1.53) | 5.57 (1.52) | 5.89 (1.40) | 4.99 (1.83) | 71.63 | < 0.001 | 1 and 2c, 1 and 4c, 2 and 3d, 2 and 4c, 3 and 4c differ |
Peer support | 5.47 (1.64) | 5.63 (1.55) | 5.23 (1.67) | 5.78 (1.40) | 5.14 (1.85) | 24.20 | < 0.001 | 1 and 2c, 1 and 4c, 2 and 3c, 3 and 4c differ |
Teacher support | 3.85 (0.93) | 4.11 (0.77) | 3.81 (0.89) | 3.85 (0.88) | 3.37 (1.10) | 105.28 | < 0.001 | 1 and 2c, 1 and 3c, 1 and 4c, 2 and 4c, 3 and 4c differ |
Classmate support | 3.90 (0.77) | 4.09 (0.65) | 3.79 (0.76) | 3.87 (0.71) | 3.62 (0.92) | 66.89 | < 0.001 | 1 and 4c, 1 and 2c, 1 and 3c, 2 and 4c, 3 and 4c differ |
Perceived school climate | 4.15 (0.86) | 4.43 (0.67) | 4.04 (0.85) | 4.19 (0.71) | 3.66 (1.06) | 140.30 | < 0.001 | 1 and 2c, 1 and 3c, 1 and 4c, 2 and 3e, 2 and 4c, 3 and 4c differ |
Intensity of online communication | 3.02 (0.85) | 2.92 (0.79) | 2.97 (0.85) | 3.08 (0.80) | 3.22 (0.96) | 19.64 | < 0.001 | 1 and 2d, 1 and 4c, 2 and 4c, 3 and 4e differ |
Other health-related factors | ||||||||
Academic educational expectationsb (vs. vocational) | 67.2 | 65.5 | 75.4 | 71.6 | 60.8 | 12.26 | 0.007 | 2 and 4d differ |
Health literacya | 96.91 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Low | 9.2 | 5.7 | 8.0 | 7.1 | 17.6 | 1 and 4c, 2 and 4c, 3 and 4c differ | ||
Moderate | 56.2 | 52.0 | 64.4 | 55.1 | 57.1 | 1 and 2c differ | ||
High | 34.6 | 42.3 | 27.6 | 37.8 | 25.3 | 1 and 2c, 1 and 4c, 2 and 3e, 3 and 4d differ | ||
Self-rated health | 412.48 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Poor | 2.2 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 7.9 | 1 and 2e, 1 and 3e, 1 and 4c, 2 and 4c, 3 and 4c differ | ||
Fair | 14.0 | 6.4 | 17.0 | 12.3 | 27.9 | 1 and 2c, 1 and 3c, 1 and 4c, 2 and 4c, 3 and 4c differ | ||
Good | 60.5 | 59.8 | 66.0 | 68.2 | 51.5 | 1 and 3d, 1 and 4d, 2 and 4c, 3 and 4c differ | ||
Excellent | 23.3 | 33.5 | 15.9 | 18.3 | 12.8 | 1 and 2c, 1 and 3c, 1 and 4c differ | ||