Table 2 Standardized tools’ scores and risky behaviors by gender

Standardized tools

 PHQ-9

9.43 (6.51)

42.8%

6.93 (5.62)

27.3%

10.72 (6.49)

51.0%

Ust = −24.70

 < 0.001

0.35^b

(0.33–0.38)

 GAD-7

9.54 (5.86)

41.8%

6.94 (5.28)

27.6%

10.96 (5.63)

57.3%

Ust = −28.26

 < 0.001

0.41^b

(0.38–0.43)

 PHQ-15

8.15 (5.85)

34.6%

5.33 (4.63)

14.8%

9.66 (5.83)

45.1%

Ust = −31.79

 < 0.001

0.46^b

(0.43–0.48)

 PROMIS (T-score)

52.50 (12.57)

46.8%

48.32 (12.02)

28.0%

54.76 (12.21)

49.3%

Ust = −20.93

 < 0.001

0.30^b

(0.27–0.33)

 Fear of COVID-19

14.80 (5.04)

13.14 (4.59)

–

15.75 (5.03)

–

Ust = −21.51

 < 0.001

0.31^b

(0.28–.33)

 UCLA

20.69 (13.93)

17.42 (13.26)

–

22.32 (13.89)

–

Ust = −14.92

 < 0.001

0.21^b

(0.19–0.24)

 CD-RISC-10

17.79 (8.28)

20.12 (8.15)

–

16.57 (8.00)

–

Ust = 17.48

 < 0.001

0.25^b

(0.22–0.28)

 PTGI-SF

20.95 (10.68)

18.49 (10.79)

–

22.49 (10.25)

–

Ust = −14.92

 < 0.001

0.21^b

(0.19–0.24)

Yes (%)

No (%)

Yes (%)

No (%)

Yes (%)

No (%)

P^c

DSM5 Cross-Cutting -Sleep problemsSymptoms

32.3

67.7

22.2

77.8

37.6

62.4

χ² = 176.03

 < 0.001

0.16^d

(0.14–1)

Risky behaviors^e

Yes (%)

No (%)

Yes (%)

No (%)

Yes (%)

No (%)

P^c

 Self-harm

28.4

71.4

22.8

77.2

31.9

68.1

χ² = 64.57

 < 0.001

0.10^d

(0.08–1)

 Binge eating

37.3

62.7

30.4

69.6

41.3

58.7

χ² = 81.83

 < 0.001

0.11^d

(0.09–1)

 Reckless driving

20.9

79.1

32.5

67.5

14.4

85.6

χ² = 319.68

 < 0.001

0.21^d

(0.19–1)

 Binge drinking

42.2

57.8

44.0

56.0

41.2

58.8

χ² = 5.29

0.21

0.03^d

(0–1)

 Cannabis use

7.5

92.5

10.1

89.9

6.1

93.9

χ² = 38.33

 < 0.001

0.07^d

(0.05–1)