Table 2 Clinical features and pharmacological treatment at the index episode and at the end of the follow-up of contact patients (n = 226)
Index episode n (%) | End of follow-up n (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical features | |||
Psychiatric diagnoses | |||
Neurodevelopmental disorders | 27 (11.9) | 49 (21.6) | 0.001* |
Intellectual disabilities | 10 (4.4) | 7 (3.09) | 0.620 |
Psychotic disorders | 8 (3.5) | 8 (3.5) | 1.000 |
Bipolar disorders | 3 (1.3) | 2 (0.9) | 0.652 |
Depressive disorders | 53 (23.4) | 55 (24.3) | 0.825 |
Anxiety disorders | 14 (6.2) | 10 (4.4) | 0.160 |
Adjustment disorders | 16 (7.1) | 7 (3.1) | 0.086 |
Eating disorders | 24 (10.6) | 44 (19.4) | 0.012* |
Impulse control deficit | 44 (19.4) | 13 (5.7) | < 0.001* |
Substance use disorder | 22 (9.7) | 12 (5.3) | 0.074 |
None | 5 (2.2) | 19 (8.4) | 0.002* |
Internalizing and externalizing framework | |||
Internalizing | 140 (61.9) | 125 (60.4) | 0.152 |
Externalizing | 86 (38.1) | 82 (39.6) | |
Personality clusters | |||
None | 123 (54.4) | 161 (71.2) | < 0.001* |
Cluster A | 10 (4.4) | 9 (3.9) | 0.814 |
Cluster B | 68 (30.1) | 53 (23.5) | 0.088 |
Cluster C | 25 (11.1) | 3 (1.3) | < 0.001* |
Pharmacological Treatment | |||
Any psychopharmacological drug | 155 (68.6) | 177 (78.3) | 0.014* |
Any antidepressant | 95 (42.0) | 122 (54.0) | 0.002* |
AD equivalent dose, mg/d fluoxetine (SD) | 30.6 ± 15.4 | 41.9 ± 24.7 | < 0.001* |
Switching AD family | 40/95 (41.6) | – | |
AD monotherapy to polytherapy | 9/95 (9.4) | – | |
Any antipsychotic | 119 (52.7) | 141 (62.4) | 0.012* |
LAI | 9 (4.0) | 17 (7.5) | 0.057 |
AP equivalent dose, mg/d chlorpromazine (SD) | 192.4 ± 170.1 | 232.5 ± 219.9 | 0.112 |
Switching AP family | 49/119 (41.1) | – | |
AP monotherapy to polytherapy | 21/119 (17.6) | – | |
Any benzodiazepine | 68 (30.1) | 60 (26.9) | 0.445 |
BZD equivalent dose, mg/d diazepam (SD) | 21.4 ± 15.9 | 24.5 ± 19.3 | 0.241 |
Other drugs | |||
Anticonvulsants | 6 (2.7) | 43 (19.0) | < 0.001* |
Noradrenergic stimulants | 5 (2.2) | 9 (4.0) | 0.219 |
Noradrenergic nonstimulants | 2 (0.8) | 3 (1.3) | 0.417 |
Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists | 3 (1.3) | 13 (5.8) | 0.002* |
Anticholinergics | 1 (0.4) | 4 (1.8) | 0.250 |
Lithium | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) | 0.890 |