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Table 2 Results of multinomial logistic regression on the association between variables of interest and self-reported mental health status of respondents since COVID-19

From: Risk and protective factors related to changes in mental health among adolescents since COVID-19 in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study

 

Mental Health *

 

Better vs. Unchanged (reference)

Poorer vs. Unchanged (reference)

Better vs. Poorer (reference)

 

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Age

1.048 (0.973–1.129)

1.048 (0.988–1.112)

1.021 (0.942–1.105)

Sex (Reference: male)

0.933 (0.768–1.133)

1.355 (1.159–1.585) a

0.724 (0.587–0.893) b

Satisfaction with academic performance (Reference: Neutral)

Dissatisfied

0.963 (0.756–1.226)

1.468 (1.233–1.748) a

0.637 (0.498–0.813) a

Satisfied

1.020 (0.804–1.295)

1.096 (0.888–1.352)

0.935 (0.714–1.224)

Satisfaction with school life (Reference: Neutral)

Dissatisfied

1.112 (0.655–1.889)

0.998 (0.679–1.468)

1.519 (0.918–2.513)

Satisfied

1.196 (0.944–1.514)

1.024 (0.850–1.233)

1.132 (0.882–1.453)

Relationship with classmates (Reference: Neutral)

Dissatisfied

1.352 (0.640–2.852)

0.989 (0.559–1.748)

1.275 (0.630–2.582)

Satisfied

1.034 (0.807–1.326)

1.209 (0.997–1.466)

0.925 (0.712–1.201)

Satisfaction with family life (Reference: Neutral)

Dissatisfied

1.564 (0.955–2.561)

1.431 (1.040–1.970) c

0.748 (0.473–1.185)

Satisfied

1.261 (1.006–1.579) c

0.850 (0.717–1.008)

1.369 (1.085–1.728) b

Average sleeping time in the past month

   

Weekdays (Reference: 7–9 h)

   

< 7 h

1.125 (0.909–1.391)

1.475 (1.256–1.732) a

0.827 (0.665–1.029)

> 9 h

1.101 (0.733–1.654)

1.057 (0.721–1.550)

1.028 (0.641–1.648)

Weekends (Reference: 7–9 h)

   

< 7 h

0.794 (0.569–1.108)

1.078 (0.855–1.359)

0.707 (0.504–0.992) c

> 9 h

1.316 (1.073–1.614) b

1.098 (0.926–1.302)

1.232 (0.991–1.533)

Average exercise time in the past month

   

Weekdays

   

≥ 30 min (Reference: < 30 min)

1.008 (0.780–1.303)

0.967 (0.798–1.187)

1.094 (0.834–1.434)

Weekends

   

≥ 30 min (Reference: < 30 min)

0.860 (0.667–1.108)

1.090 (0.892–1.333)

0.877 (0.665–1.029)

Number of observations

4,610

5,353

3,367

Overall significance

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Nagelkerke R2

0.574

0.523

0.591

  1. Notes: *: All the models controlled for depressive/anxiety symptoms and change in physical health status since COVID-19
  2. a: p < 0.001, b: 0.001 < p < 0.01, c: 0.01 < p < 0.05
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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

ISSN: 1753-2000