From: Physical discipline as a normative childhood experience in Singapore
Age of Assessment (Questionnaire)/Parent | Number of Specific Physical Disciplines Endorsed | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
None %a | One %a | Two %a | Three %a | |
Age 4.5 (PSDQ)b | ||||
 Mother (n = 399) | 10 | 28 | 31 | 31 |
Age 6 (APQ)c | ||||
 Mother (n = 538) | 7 | 26 | 36 | 32 |
 Father (n = 44) | 14 | 25 | 36 | 25 |
Age 9 (PSDQ)b | ||||
 Mother (n = 414) | 17 | 30 | 27 | 26 |
 Father (n = 168) | 20 | 27 | 30 | 23 |
Age 11 (PSDQ)b | ||||
 Mother (n = 393) | 26 | 30 | 25 | 19 |