Fig. 1

Analysis of covariance and post-hoc test for stress, sadness and despair, loneliness, and generalized anxiety disorder in the health, suicide-ideation, suicide-planning, and suicide-attempt groups. The basic control variables included sex, education level, academic achievement, father’s highest education level, mother’s highest education level, living arrangement, economic status, impact of COVID-19 on economic status, whether the family received financial assistance, sleep, smoking, drinking, drug use, and smartphone overdependence