Indicators | Group | Mean (SE) | sex-adjusted mean | Bonferroni -P value |
|---|
SIC | ASD with DD | 0.424(0.031) | -0.214a | < 0.001 |
ASD without DD | 0.467(0.048) | -0.170b | 0.001 |
TD | 0.638(0.020) | Â | Â |
IT | ASD with DD | 0.694(0.036) | -0.161a | < 0.001 |
ASD without DD | 0.729(0.056) | -0.126b | 0.021 |
TD | 0.855(0.013) | Â | Â |
RSC | ASD with DD | 0.569(0.043) | -0.176a | 0.010 |
ASD without DD | 0.640(0.056) | -0.111b | 0.289 |
TD | 0.730(0.033) | Â | Â |
GIS | ASD with DD | 0.850(0.017) | 0.195a | < 0.001 |
ASD without DD | 0.797(0.033) | 0.142b | 0.003 |
TD | 0.650(0.023) | Â | Â |
CIS | ASD with DD | 0.212(0.029) | -0.225a | < 0.001 |
ASD without DD | 0.241(0.038) | -0.195b | < 0.001 |
TD | 0.439(0.022) | Â | Â |
Theta PSD | ASD with DD | 1.730(0.102) | 0.310 a | 0.016 |
ASD without DD | 1.741(0.107) | 0.309 b | 0.041 |
TD | 1.394(0.506) | Â | Â |
Alpha PSD | ASD with DD | 1.214(0.065) | 0.218 a | 0.012 |
ASD without DD | 1.178(0.742) | 0.173 b | 0.122 |
TD | 0.973(0.036) | Â | Â |
- Notes: Abbreviations: sex-adjusted mean, a sex-adjusted mean difference; ASD without DD, children with autism spectrum disorder without developmental delay; ASD with DD, children with autism spectrum disorder with developmental delay; TD, typically development; SIC, Social Involvement of Children; IT, Interaction Time; RSC, Response of children to Social Cues; GIS, Caregiver Initiated Social interaction; CIS, Children Initiated Social interactions. a, sex-adjusted mean between ASD children with DD group and TD group; b, sex-adjusted mean between ASD children without DD group and TD group; All p values are adjusted for multiple comparison (Bonferroni). We investigated whether the behavioral indicators were associated with severity scores among autistic children after adjusting for sex (see Fig. 3 and Table S2, Bonferroni’s p = 0.005). The Social Involvement of Children (ASD children with DD group, p = 0.004; ASD children without DD group, p = 0.005), Interaction Time (ASD children with DD group, p = 0.001; ASD children without DD group, p = 0.003) and time for Caregiver Initiated Social interactions (ASD children with DD group, p = 0.004; ASD children without DD group, p = 0.002) showed significant correlations with the total score of CARS in both ASD groups. But Response of Children to Social Cues (p = 0.003) was only significant correlated with the total score of CARS in ASD children with DD group. Additionally, in ASD children with DD group, Social Involvement of Children was not only significantly correlated with CARS total scores (p = 0.004) but also correlated with ADOS-CSS score (although not corrected by Bonferroni, p = 0.020)
