Table 1 Compare the differences between responders and non-responders to ECT treatment in terms of demographic factors, disease factors, medication treatment factors, ECT treatment factors, and other factors
Variables | Total ECT (N = 494) | Positive response in ECT (n = 361) | Negative response in ECT (n = 133) | Statistics | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chi square test (X) | M–W U test (Z) | P | ||||
Demographic | ||||||
 Gender |  |  |  | 0.415 |  | 0.520 |
  Female | 410 (83.0%) | 302 (83.7%) | 108 (81.2%) |  |  |  |
  Male | 84 (17.0%) | 59 (16.3%) | 25 (18.8%) |  |  |  |
Age (year) | 15 (14,17) | 15 (14,17) | 15 (13,17) |  | − 0.464 | 0.643 |
 Family history of psychiatric illness |  |  |  | 0.884 |  | 0.347 |
  Positive | 39 (7.9%) | 26 (7.2%) | 13 (9.8%) |  |  |  |
  Negative | 455 (92.1%) | 335 (92.8%) | 120 (90.2%) |  |  |  |
 Family history of suicidal deaths |  |  |  | 1.359 |  | 0.244 |
  positive | 18 (3.6%) | 11 (3.0%) | 7 (5.3%) |  |  |  |
  Negative | 476 (96.4%) | 350 (97.0%) | 126 (94.7%) |  |  |  |
Disease | ||||||
 Disease duration (months) | 12 (10,24) | 12 (8,24) | 24 (12,24) |  | − 2.088 | 0.037 |
 Psychotic symptoms | 116 (23.5%) | 83 (23.0%) | 33 (24.8%) | 0.179 |  | 0.672 |
 Suicide attempts within the last month (n) | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,0) |  | − 0.553 | 0.574 |
 Hospitalizations (n) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  CQMU | 1 (1,1) | 1 (1,1) | 1 (1,1) |  | − 1.376 | 0.142 |
  Other psychiatric hospitals | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,0) |  | − 1.174 | 0.258 |
 HAMD Score | 33.15 ± 7.39 | 33.29 ± 7.28 | 32.75 ± 7.70 |  |  | 0.470 |
 HAMA Score | 21.64 ± 7.20 | 21.64 ± 7.05 | 21.64 ± 7.63 |  |  | 0.996 |
 Psychiatric comorbidities | 14 (2.8%) | 8 (2.2%) | 6 (4.5%) | 9.798 |  | 0.081 |
  OCD | 5 (1.0%) | 2 (0.6%) | 3 (2.3%) |  |  |  |
  Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | 3 (0.6%) | 3 (0.8%) | 0 |  |  |  |
  Eating disorder (ED) | 2 (0.4%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0 |  |  |  |
  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 | 1 (0.8%) |  |  |  |
  Anxiety disorder (AD) | 3 (0.6%) | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (1.5%) |  |  |  |
Medication treatment | ||||||
 Antidepressants | 493 (99.8%) | 360 (99.7%) | 133 (100.0%) | 12.308 |  | 0.254 |
  Sertraline | 298 (60.3%) | 217 (60.3%) | 81 (60.9%) |  |  |  |
  Fluoxetine | 113 (22.9%) | 88 (24.4%) | 25 (18.8%) |  |  |  |
  Escitalopram | 23 (4.7%) | 15 (4.2%) | 8 (6.0%) |  |  |  |
  Venlafaxine | 34 (6.9%) | 27 (7.5%) | 7 (5.3%) |  |  |  |
  Paroxetine | 6 (1.2%) | 3 (0.8%) | 3 (2.3%) |  |  |  |
  Fluvoxamine | 1 (0.2%) | 0 | 1 (0.8%) |  |  |  |
  Bupropion | 2 (0.4%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.8%) |  |  |  |
  Duloxetine | 6 (1.2%) | 3 (0.8%) | 3 (2.3%) |  |  |  |
  Citalopram | 5 (1.0%) | 4 (1.1%) | 1 (0.8%) |  |  |  |
  Vortioxetine | 3 (0.6%) | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (1.5%) |  |  |  |
  Mirtazapine | 2 (0.4%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.8%) |  |  |  |
 Antipsychotics | 471 (95.3%) | 345 (95.6%) | 126 (94.7%) | 17.948 |  | 0.008 |
  Quetiapine | 178 (36.0%) | 116 (32.1%) | 62 (46.6%) |  |  |  |
  Olanzapine | 153 (31.0%) | 120 (33.2%) | 33 (24.8%) |  |  |  |
  Aripiprazole | 128 (25.9%) | 101 (28.0%) | 27 (20.3%) |  |  |  |
  Amisulpride | 1 (0.2%) | 0 | 1 (0.8%) |  |  |  |
  Risperidone | 5 (1.0%) | 5 (1.4%) | 0 |  |  |  |
  Paliperidone | 5 (1.0%) | 2 (0.6%) | 3 (2.3%) |  |  |  |
  Ziprasidone | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0 |  |  |  |
 Mood stabilizers | 15(3.0%) | 10(2.8%) | 5(3.8%) | 1.636 |  | 0.662 |
  Lithium | 5 (1.0%) | 3 (0.8%) | 2 (1.5%) |  |  |  |
  Valproate | 2 (0.4%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0 |  |  |  |
  Lamotrigine | 8 (1.6%) | 5 (1.4%) | 3 (2.3%) |  |  |  |
 Sedative-hypnotics | 66 (13.4%) | 41 (11.4%) | 25 (18.8%) | 3.559 |  | 0.169 |
  BDZs | 45 (9.1%) | 30 (8.3%) | 15 (11.3%) |  |  |  |
  Non-BDZs | 19 (3.8%) | 11 (3.0%) | 8 (6.0%) |  |  |  |
 Other anti-anxiety drugs | 61 (12.3%) | 43 (11.9%) | 18 (13.5%) | 0.251 |  | 0.888 |
  Tandospirone | 40 (8.1%) | 28 (7.8%) | 12 (9.0%) |  |  |  |
  Buspirone | 21 (4.3%) | 15 (4.2%) | 6 (4.5%) |  |  |  |
 Fluoxetine equivalent dose (mg) | 60 (40,80) | 60 (40,80) | 60 (40,80) |  | 0.174 | 0.862 |
 Olanzapine equivalent dose (mg) | 3.33 (2.50,6.67) | 3.33 (2.50,6.67) | 3.75 (1.64,7.50) |  | − 0.202 | 0.840 |
ECT treatment | ||||||
 ECT sessions (n) | 10 (8,12) | 10 (8,11) | 9 (6,12) |  | 2.568 | 0.010 |
 Serious side effects of ECT | 36 (7.3%) | 31 (8.6%) | 5 (3.8%) | 7.666 |  | 0.176 |
  Slowness of thought | 17 (3.4%) | 15 (4.2%) | 2 (1.5%) |  |  |  |
  Oblivion | 13 (2.6%) | 11 (3.0%) | 2 (1.5%) |  |  |  |
  Headache | 4 (0.8%) | 4 (1.1%) | 0 |  |  |  |
  Emesis | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0 |  |  |  |
  Haziness | 1 (0.2%) | 0 | 1 (0.8%) |  |  |  |
 Previous ECT treatment history | 41 (8.3%) | 28 (7.8%) | 13 (9.8%) |  | 0.52 | 0.471 |
Other | ||||||
 Days hospitalized | 21 (17,24) | 21 (17,25) | 19 (14,24) |  | 2.374 | 0.018 |