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Table 3 Decomposition (Wafstaff, Doorslaer, and Watanabe) results

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in child and adolescent mental health in Australia: the role of parenting style and parents’ relationships

Variables

 

Wave 1 (aged 4–5 years)

Wave 2 (aged 6–7 years

Wave 3 (aged 8–9 years

Wave 4 (aged 10–11 years

Wave 5 (aged 12–13 years

Wave 6 (aged 14–15 years

Wave 7 (aged 16–17 years

Pooled

Parenting style

         

 Angry parenting

\(\eta\)

0.717

0.711

0.848

0.906

0.903

0.922

0.662

0.589

\(CI\)

 − 0.0121

 − 0.01

 − 0.012

 − 0.013

 − 0.017

 − 0.022

 − 0.025

 − 0.002

\(Con\)

 − 0.0087

 − 0.009

 − 0.010

 − 0.012

 − 0.016

 − 0.021

 − 0.017

 − 0.0012

 Consistent parenting

\(\eta\)

 − 0.636

 − 0.660

 − 0.855

 − 0.592

 − 0.547

 − 0.671

 − 0.651

 − 0.590

\(CI\)

0.0148

0.01

0.009

0.015

0.013

0.008

0.013

0.002

\(Con\)

 − 0.0094

 − 0.007

 − 0.008

 − 0.009

 − 0.007

 − 0.005

 − 0.009

 − 0.0010

 Inductive parenting

\(\eta\)

 − 0.001

0.214

0.197

0.398

0.381

0.407

0.278

0.219

\(CI\)

 − 0.0061

 − 0.01

 − 0.004

 − 0.002

0.002

0.001

0.000

 − 0.001

\(Con\)

0.0000

 − 0.002

 − 0.001

 − 0.001

0.001

0.001

0.000

 − 0.0001

Parents couple relationship

         

 Argumentative relationship

\(\eta\)

0.115

0.182

0.136

0.206

0.180

0.142

0.105

0.134

\(CI\)

 − 0.0115

 − 0.02

 − 0.020

 − 0.017

 − 0.019

 − 0.026

 − 0.017

 − 0.001

\(Con\)

 − 0.0013

 − 0.003

 − 0.003

 − 0.003

 − 0.003

 − 0.004

 − 0.002

 − 0.0002

 Happy couple relationship

\(\eta\)

0.015

 − 0.086

 − 0.057

 − 0.039

 − 0.007

 − 0.013

 − 0.097

 − 0.028

\(CI\)

0.0034

0.04

0.002

0.016

0.015

0.019

0.008

0.000

\(Con\)

0.0001

 − 0.003

0.000

 − 0.001

0.000

0.000

 − 0.001

0.0000

Household income

 Medium lowest (= 1)

\(\eta\)

 − 0.029

 − 0.027

 − 0.034

 − 0.041

 − 0.024

 − 0.002

 − 0.004

 − 0.025

\(CI\)

0.6675

0.49

0.345

0.239

0.182

0.100

0.136

0.049

\(Con\)

 − 0.0194

 − 0.013

 − 0.012

 − 0.010

 − 0.004

0.000

 − 0.001

 − 0.0012

 Medium highest (= 1)

\(\eta\)

 − 0.006

 − 0.017

 − 0.020

 − 0.018

 − 0.016

 − 0.016

 − 0.022

 − 0.019

\(CI\)

0.9495

0.91

0.860

0.824

0.748

0.710

0.697

0.036

\(Con\)

 − 0.0059

 − 0.016

 − 0.017

 − 0.015

 − 0.012

 − 0.011

 − 0.015

 − 0.0007

 Highest (= 1)

\(\eta\)

0.000

 − 0.001

 − 0.004

 − 0.004

 − 0.004

0.003

 − 0.013

 − 0.004

\(CI\)

0.9954

0.99

0.985

0.983

0.973

0.967

0.958

0.012

\(Con\)

 − 0.0001

 − 0.001

 − 0.004

 − 0.004

 − 0.004

0.003

 − 0.013

0.0000

Mother’s education

 Undergraduate (= 1)

\(\eta\)

0.001

0.002

 − 0.015

 − 0.011

0.002

 − 0.005

 − 0.013

 − 0.006

\(CI\)

0.1905

0.27

0.261

0.269

0.219

0.220

0.211

0.012

\(Con\)

0.0002

0.001

 − 0.004

 − 0.003

0.000

 − 0.001

 − 0.003

 − 0.0001

 Certificate/Diploma (= 1)

\(\eta\)

0.090

0.081

0.048

0.074

0.096

0.054

0.044

0.071

\(CI\)

 − 0.0773

 − 0.11

 − 0.106

 − 0.117

 − 0.109

 − 0.111

 − 0.107

 − 0.007

\(Con\)

 − 0.0069

 − 0.009

 − 0.005

 − 0.009

 − 0.010

 − 0.006

 − 0.005

 − 0.0005

 Year 12 or below (= 1)

\(\eta\)

0.001

0.003

0.003

0.003

0.001

0.001

 − 0.003

0.001

\(CI\)

0.1447

 − 0.02

0.003

0.058

 − 0.051

 − 0.008

 − 0.016

0.052

\(Con\)

0.0001

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.0001

Mother’s employment

 Part-time employed (= 1)

\(\eta\)

 − 0.022

 − 0.015

 − 0.023

 − 0.021

 − 0.012

 − 0.007

 − 0.003

 − 0.012

\(CI\)

0.1049

0.08

0.042

0.018

 − 0.003

0.011

 − 0.022

0.001

\(Con\)

 − 0.0023

 − 0.001

 − 0.001

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.0000

 Unemployed (= 1)

\(\eta\)

0.012

 − 0.001

0.009

0.029

0.023

0.025

0.028

0.024

\(CI\)

 − 0.1928

 − 0.25

 − 0.297

 − 0.294

 − 0.344

 − 0.283

 − 0.364

 − 0.028

\(Con\)

 − 0.0023

0.000

 − 0.003

 − 0.009

 − 0.008

 − 0.007

 − 0.010

 − 0.0007

Sociodemographic

 Age

\(\eta\)

 − 0.007

0.013

 − 0.003

 − 0.002

 − 0.007

 − 0.007

0.010

 − 0.002

\(CI\)

 − 0.0244

 − 0.02

0.002

0.009

 − 0.008

0.000

 − 0.026

0.009

\(Con\)

0.0002

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.0000

Gender

         

 Female (= 1)

\(\eta\)

 − 0.057

 − 0.082

 − 0.085

 − 0.080

 − 0.074

 − 0.014

0.022

 − 0.050

\(CI\)

 − 0.0082

 − 0.01

 − 0.011

0.009

 − 0.002

0.012

0.013

 − 0.004

\(Con\)

0.0005

0.001

0.001

 − 0.001

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.0002

Areas of residence

         

 Not accessible regional areas (= 1)

\(\eta\)

0.002

0.002

0.001

0.004

0.007

0.006

0.002

0.004

\(CI\)

0.0202

0.03

0.028

0.075

0.085

0.086

0.071

 − 0.004

\(Con\)

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.001

0.001

0.000

0.0000

 CI of mental health (SDQ)

-

 − 0.05

 − 0.055

 − 0.06

 − 0.067

 − 0.06

 − 0.05

 − 0.07

 − 0.0045

 Total estimated contribution

-

 − 0.06

 − 0.06

 − 0.067

 − 0.075

 − 0.063

 − 0.052

 − 0.074

 − 0.005

  1. \(\eta\) = elasticity; CI = concentration Index; con = contribution of the variable to socio-economic inequality