A multi-national comparison of antipsychotic drug use in children and adolescents, 2005–2012

Kalverdijk, Luuk J.; Bachmann, Christian J.; Aagaard, Lise; Burcu, Mehmet; Glaeske, Gerd; Hoffmann, Falk; Petersen, Irene; Schuiling-Veninga, Catharina C. M.; Wijlaars, Linda P.; Zito, Julie M.

doi:10.1186/s13034-017-0192-1

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

Table 1 Annual percent prevalence of antipsychotic drug use in cohorts from five countries between 2005/6–2012 among children and adolescents in 4 age group

From: A multi-national comparison of antipsychotic drug use in children and adolescents, 2005–2012

	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	Difference 2005–2012
Denmark
0–4 years	0.00 [0.00–0.01]	0.00 [0.00–0.01]	0.00 [0.00–0.01]	0.00 [0.00–0.01]	0.00 [0.00–0.01]	0.00 [0.00–0.01]	0.00 [0.00–0.01]	0.00 [0.00–0.00]	N/A
5–9 years	0.07 [0.06–0.08]	0.08 [0.07–0.09]	0.09 [0.08–0.10]	0.10 [0.09–0.11]	0.12 [0.11–0.13]	0.12 [0.11–0.14]	0.11 [0.10–0.13]	0.10 [0.09–0.12]	44.9%
10–14 years	0.26 [0.24–0.28]	0.27 [0.26–0.29]	0.33 [0.31–0.35]	0.34 [0.32–0.37]	0.39 [0.36–0.41]	0.40 [0.38–0.43]	0.40 [0.38–0.42]	0.42 [0.39–0.44]	61.5%
15–19 years	0.77 [0.73–0.80]	0.88 [0.85–0.92]	0.94 [0.90–0.97]	1.03 [0.99–1.06]	1.11 [1.08–1.15]	1.24 [1.21–1.28]	1.30 [1.26–1.34]	1.33 [1.29–1.37]	74.3%
Total	0.26 [0.25–0.27]	0.30 [0.29–0.31]	0.33 [0.32–0.35]	0.37 [0.36–0.38]	0.41 [0.40–0.42]	0.46 [0.44–0.47]	0.47 [0.46–0.48]	0.48 [0.47–0.50]	83.9%
Germany
0–4 years	0.15 [0.14–0.16]	0.04 [0.03–0.05]	0.02 [0.02–0.03]	0.02 [0.02–0.03]	0.02 [0.02–0.03]	0.02 [0.01–0.02]	0.02 [0.01–0.02]	0.01 [0.01–0.02]	N/A
5–9 years	0.13 [0.12–0.15]	0.13 [0.12–0.14]	0.15 [0.14–0.17]	0.17 [0.15–0.18]	0.18 [0.16–0.19]	0.17 [0.16–0.19]	0.17 [0.16–0.18]	0.17 [0.16–0.18]	25.7%
10–14 years	0.24 [0.23–0.26]	0.27 [0.25–0.28]	0.31 [0.29–0.33]	0.34 [0.32–0.36]	0.37 [0.35–0.39]	0.42 [0.40–0.44]	0.42 [0.41–0.45]	0.43 [0.41–0.45]	76.8%
15–19 years	0.34 [0.33–0.36]	0.34 [0.33–0.36]	0.37 [0.35–0.39]	0.41 [0.39–0.43]	0.44 [0.42–0.46]	0.51 [0.49–0.54]	0.51 [0.52–0.56]	0.54 [0.52–0.56]	57.4%
Total	0.23 [0.22–0.23]	0.21 [0.20–0.22]	0.23 [0.23–0.24]	0.26 [0.25–0.26]	0.28 [0.27–0.29]	0.31 [0.30–0.32]	0.31 [0.31–0.33]	0.32 [0.31–0.33]	40.8%
Netherlands
0–4 years	0.12 [0.09–0.17]	0.08 [0.06–0.12]	0.09 [0.07–0.13]	0.09 [0.07–0.13]	0.06 [0.04–0.10]	0.09 [0.06–0.13]	0.06 [0.04–0.09]	0.07 [0.05–0.11]	N/A
5–9 years	0.80 [0.71–0.91]	0.87 [0.77–0.98]	1.01 [0.91–1.12]	0.95 [0.85–1.06]	0.97 [0.87–1.08]	0.96 [0.86–1.07]	0.86 [0.77–0.97]	0.84 [0.75–0.95]	5.3%
10–14 years	1.18 [1.06–1.30]	1.32 [1.20–1.45]	1.56 [1.43–1.70]	1.65 [1.51–1.79]	1.68 [1.55–1.83]	1.69 [1.55–1.83]	1.67 [1.53–1.81]	1.59 [1.47–1.73]	35.5%
15–19 years	1.04 [0.94–1.16]	1.12 [1.02–1.24]	1.15 [1.04–1.26]	1.35 [1.24–1.47]	1.44 [1.33–1.57]	1.37 [1.26–1.49]	1.34 [1.23–1.47]	1.47 [1.35–1.60]	40.8%
Total	0.78 [0.74–0.83]	0.84 [0.80–0.89]	0.95 [0.90–1.01]	1.02 [0.97–1.07]	1.02 [0.97–1.07]	1.04 [0.99–1.10]	1.01 [0.96–1.06]	1.03 [0.98–1.09]	31.7%
UK
0–4 years	0.00 [0.00–0.01]	0.00 [0.00–0.01]	0.00 [0.00–0.00]	0.00 [0.00–0.00]	0.00 [0.00–0.00]	0.00 [0.00–0.01]	0.00 [0.00–0.00]	0.00 [0.00–0.01]	N/A
5–9 years	0.03 [0.03–0.04]	0.03 [0.03–0.04]	0.04 [0.03–0.05]	0.04 [0.03–0.05]	0.04 [0.03–0.05]	0.05 [0.04–0.06]	0.04 [0.03–0.05]	0.03 [0.02–0.04]	− 16.7%
10–14 years	0.12 [0.11–0.14]	0.13 [0.12–0.15]	0.13 [0.12–0.14]	0.14 [0.12–0.15]	0.14 [0.13–0.16]	0.14 [0.13–0.16]	0.15 [0.13–0.16]	0.16 [0.14–0.17]	27.5%
15–19 years	0.25 [0.23–0.28]	0.27 [0.25–0.29]	0.28 [0.26–0.30]	0.26 [0.24–0.28]	0.26 [0.25–0.29]	0.31 [0.29–0.33]	0.33 [0.31–0.35]	0.31 [0.28–0.33]	20.5%
Total	0.11 [0.10–0.11]	0.11 [0.11–0.12]	0.12 [0.11–0.12]	0.12 [0.11–0.12]	0.12 [0.11–0.13]	0.13 [0.13–0.14]	0.14 [0.13–0.15]	0.14 [0.13–0.15]	29.3%
USA
0–4 years	N/A	0.16 [0.13–0.19]	0.12 [0.10–0.15]	0.10 [0.08–0.13]	0.07 [0.05–0.09]	0.05 [0.03–0.07]	0.04 [0.03–0.07]	0.02 [0.01–0.04]	N/A
5–9 years	N/A	1.31 [1.18–1.47]	1.39 [1.25–1.54]	1.17 [1.04–1.31]	1.04 [0.92–1.18]	0.82 [0.71–0.94]	0.69 [0.59–0.81]	0.56 [0.47–0.66]	− 57.5%
10–14 years	N/A	2.53 [2.33–2.75]	2.59 [2.39–2.82]	2.50 [2.29–2.72]	2.50 [2.29–2.73]	2.23 [2.03–2.44]	2.31 [2.11–2.53]	1.91 [1.73–2.10]	− 24.6%
15–19 years	N/A	2.41 [2.14–2.71]	2.75 [2.47–3.06]	2.87 [2.59–3.19]	3.07 [2.77–3.41]	2.80 [2.50–3.13]	2.69 [2.41–3.01]	2.53 [2.26–2.83]	5.0%
Total	N/A	0.94 [0.89–0.99]	0.97 [0.92–1.03]	0.93 [0.88–0.98]	0.96 [0.91–1.02]	0.88 [0.82–0.94]	0.90 [0.85–0.96]	0.79 [0.74–0.85]	− 15.6%

Numbers in brackets = 95% confidence interval
For the USA, only data from 2006 to 2012 were available

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ISSN: 1753-2000

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