Individual brain regulation as learned via neurofeedback is related to affective changes in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Table 2 Changes in emotion regulation, empathy and in-scanner movement

Score	Neurofeedback pre	Neurofeedback post	Treatment as usual pre	Treatment as usual post	p-value
N	21	scores: 21 resting-state: 19 brain regulation task: 20	20	Scores: 20 Resting-state: 17
Emotion Regulation Checklist: Emotion Regulation	21.19 ± 3.98	23.05 ± 3.23	20.45 ± 5.00	21.15 ± 3.59	Time: 0.0419
Emotion Regulation Checklist: Lability/Negativity	33.71 ± 5.83	30.76 ± 5.34	32.00 ± 7.06	31.65 ± 6.43	Time: 0.0506 ADHD score: 0.0014
Griffith Empathy Measure: Cognitive Empathy	-1.00 ± 9.85	5.33 ± 9.80	0.60 ± 9.20	1.20 ± 8.89	Time: 0.0601
Mean total displacement	2.49 ± 0.88	2.12 ± 0.46	2.01 ± 0.41	2.16 ± 0.42	Interaction: 0.0024 Group: 0.0145

Pre- and post-treatment scores are given as mean ± standard deviation. ADHD: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Tests were conducted with linear mixed effects models

ISSN: 1753-2000