Turner HA, Finkelhor D, Ormrod R. Poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth. Am J Prev Med. 2010;38(3):323–30.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Merikangas KR, He J-p, Burstein M, Swanson SA, Avenevoli S, Cui L, et al. Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US Adolescents Results from the National Comorbidity Study-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). J American Academy Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2010;49(10):980–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Greene T, Neria Y, Gross R. Prevalence, detection and correlates of PTSD in the primary care setting: a systematic review. J Clin Psychol Medical Settings. 2016;23(2):160–80.
Article
Google Scholar
Gerson R, Rappaport N. Traumatic stress and posttraumatic stress disorder in youth: recent research findings on clinical impact, assessment, and treatment. J Adolesc Health. 2013;52(2):137–43.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Banh MK, Saxe G, Mangione T, Horton NJ. Physician-reported practice of managing childhood posttraumatic stress in pediatric primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2008;30(6):536–45.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wurr CJ, Partridge IM. The prevalence of a history of childhood sexual abuse in an acute adult inpatient population. Child Abuse & Neglect. 1996;20(9):867–72.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Read J, McGregor K, Coggan C, Thomas DR. Mental health services and sexual abuse: the need for staff training. J Trauma Dissociation. 2006;7(1):33–50.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goldstein E, Athale N, Sciolla AF, Catz SL. Patient preferences for discussing childhood trauma in primary care. Perm J. 2017;21:16–055.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
California Department of Health Care Services. Trauma Screenings and Trauma-Informed Care Provider Trainings 2021. https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/provgovpart/Pages/TraumaCare.aspx. Accessed 30 Dec 2020.
Alisic E, Zalta AK, van Wesel F, Larsen SE, Hafstad GS, Hassanpour K, et al. Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;204:335–40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Löwe B, Kroenke K, Gräfe K. Detecting and monitoring depression with a two-item questionnaire (PHQ-2). J Psychosomatic Res. 2005;58(2):163–71.
Article
Google Scholar
Steinberg AM, Brymer MJ, Kim S, Briggs EC, Ippen CG, Ostrowski SA, et al. Psychometric properties of the UCLA PTSD reaction index: part I. J Trauma Stress. 2013;26(1):1–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Foa EB, Asnaani A, Zang Y, Capaldi S, Yeh R. Psychometrics of the child PTSD symptom scale for DSM-5 for trauma-exposed children and adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2018;47(1):38–46.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kenardy JA, Spence SH, Macleod AC. Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder in children after accidental injury. Pediatrics. 2006;118(3):1002–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kassam-Adams N, Marsac ML. Brief practical screeners in english and spanish for acute posttraumatic stress symptoms in children. J Traumatic Stress. 2016;29(6):483–90.
Article
Google Scholar
Lang JM, Connell CM, Macary S. Validating the child trauma screen among a cross-sectional sample of youth and caregivers in pediatric primary care. Clinical Pediatrics. 2021;60(4/5):252–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lang JM, Connell CM. The child trauma screen: a follow-up validation. J Traumatic Stress. 2018;31(4):540–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Lang JM, Connell CM, Macary S. Validating the child trauma screen among a cross-sectional sample of youth and caregivers in pediatric primary care. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2021;60(4–5):252–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lang JM, Connell CM. Development and validation of a brief trauma screening measure for children: the child trauma screen. Psychol Trauma. 2017;9(3):390–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spoont M, Arbisi P, Fu S, Greer N, Kehle-Forbes S, Meis L, et al. VA Evidence-based Synthesis Program Reports. Screening for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Primary Care: A Systematic Review. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 2013.
Brewin CR. Systematic review of screening instruments for adults at risk of PTSD. J Traumatic Stress. 2005;18(1):53–62.
Article
Google Scholar
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Med Care. 2003;41(11):1284–92.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gore KL, Engel CC, Freed MC, Liu X, Armstrong DW. 3rd Test of a single-item posttraumatic stress disorder screener in a military primary care setting. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2008;30(5):391–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lang AJ, Stein MB. An abbreviated PTSD checklist for use as a screening instrument in primary care. Behav Res Ther. 2005;43(5):585–94.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Prins A, Bovin MJ, Smolenski DJ, Marx BP, Kimerling R, Jenkins-Guarnieri MA, et al. The primary care PTSD screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5): development and evaluation within a veteran primary care sample. J General Internal Med. 2016;31(10):1206–11.
Article
Google Scholar
Spoont MR, Williams JW Jr, Kehle-Forbes S, Nieuwsma JA, Mann-Wrobel MC, Gross R. Does this patient have posttraumatic stress disorder?: rational clinical examination systematic review. JAMA. 2015;314(5):501–10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Prins A, Ouimette P, Kimerling R, Cameron RP, Hugelshofer DS, Shaw-Hegwer J, et al. The primary care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD): development and operating characteristics. Primary Care Psychiatry. 2003;9(1):9–14.
Article
Google Scholar
Basu A, Farkas DK, Jiang T, Koenen KC, Lash TL, Sørensen HT, et al. Incident psychiatric comorbidity following stress disorder diagnoses in Danish school-aged children: prospective population-based study. British J Psychiatry. 2020;217(1):377–82.
Article
Google Scholar
D’Andrea W, Ford J, Stolbach B, Spinazzola J, van der Kolk BA. Understanding interpersonal trauma in children: why we need a developmentally appropriate trauma diagnosis. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2012;82(2):187–200.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Afari N, Ahumada SM, Wright LJ, Mostoufi S, Golnari G, Reis V, et al. Psychological trauma and functional somatic syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Med. 2014;76(1):2.
Article
Google Scholar
O’Donovan A, Sun B, Cole S, Rempel H, Lenoci M, Pulliam L, et al. Transcriptional control of monocyte gene expression in post-traumatic stress disorder. Dis Markers. 2011;30(2–3):123–32.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition. 5th ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
Book
Google Scholar
Alessi EJ, Meyer IH, Martin JI. PTSD and sexual orientation: An examination of criterion A1 and non-criterion A1 events. Psychol Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2013;5(2):149–57.
Article
Google Scholar
Pietrzak RH, Schechter CB, Bromet EJ, Katz CL, Reissman DB, Ozbay F, et al. The burden of full and subsyndromal posttraumatic stress disorder among police involved in the World Trade Center rescue and recovery effort. J Psychiatric Res. 2012;46(7):835–42.
Article
Google Scholar
Fink DS, Gradus JL, Keyes KM, Calabrese JR, Liberzon I, Tamburrino MB, et al. Subthreshold PTSD and PTSD in a prospective-longitudinal cohort of military personnel: potential targets for preventive interventions. Depress Anxiety. 2018;35(11):1048–55.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sonis J. PTSD in primary care—an update on evidence-based management. Cur Psychiatry Rep. 2013;15(7):373.
Article
Google Scholar
Lansing AE, Plante WY, Beck AN. Assessing stress-related treatment needs among girls at risk for poor functional outcomes: The impact of cumulative adversity, criterion traumas, and non-criterion events. J Anxiety Disorders. 2017;48:36–44.
Article
Google Scholar
Boston Medical Center. Boston Medical Center Community Health Needs Assessment Final Report. 2016.
Johnson JG, Harris ES, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The patient health questionnaire for adolescents: validation of an instrument for the assessment of mental disorders among adolescent primary care patients. J Adolesc Health. 2002;30(3):196–204.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ford J, Racusin R, Rogers K, Ellis C, Schiffman J, Ribbe D, et al. Traumatic events screening inventory for children (TESI-C) Version 8.4. National Center for PTSD and Dartmouth Child Psychiatry Research Group. 2002.
Pai A, Suris AM, North CS. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the DSM-5: controversy, change, and conceptual considerations. Behav Sci (Basel). 2017;7(1):7.
Article
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Steiger JH. Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychological Bulletin. 1980;87(2):245–51.
Article
Google Scholar
Monson E, Lonergan M, Caron J, Brunet A. Assessing trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: single, open-ended question versus list-based inventory. Psychological Assessment. 2016;28(8):1001–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Selwyn CN, Schneider M, Anderson C, Langhinrichsen-Rohling J. Recognizing the hurt: prevalence and correlates of elevated PTSD symptoms among adolescents receiving mental/behavioral health services in primary care. Psychological Services. 2019;16(1):58–66.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gaskin DJP, Hadley JP. Population characteristics of markets of safety-net and non-safety-net hospitals. J Urban Health. 1999;76(3):351–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lasser KE, Liu Z, Lin M-Y, Paasche-Orlow MK, Hanchate A. Changes in hospitalizations at US safety-net hospitals following medicaid expansion. JAMA Network Open. 2021;6:e2114343.
Article
Google Scholar
Nath JB, Costigan S, Hsia RY. Changes in demographics of patients seen at federally qualified health centers, 2005–2014. JAMA internal medicine. 2016;176(5):712–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Giano Z, Wheeler DL, Hubach RD. The frequencies and disparities of adverse childhood experiences in the US. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1327.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mersky JP, Choi C, Plummer Lee C, Janczewski CE. Disparities in adverse childhood experiences by race/ethnicity, gender, and economic status: Intersectional analysis of a nationally representative sample. Child Abuse Neglect. 2021;117: 105066.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Price J, Genuario K, Romeo D, Pruden K, Elwell S, Matwiejewicz D, et al. Implementation of a standardized screening program for risk of posttraumatic stress disorder among youth hospitalized with injury. Psychol Serv. 2019;16(1):48–57.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lopez CM, Andrews AR, Chisolm AM, de Arellano MA, Saunders B, Kilpatrick DG. Racial/ethnic differences in trauma exposure and mental health disorders in adolescents. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2017;23(3):382–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pulsifer BH, Evans CL, Capel L, Lyons-Hunter M, Grieco JA. Cross-sectional assessment of mental health and service disparities in a high-risk community. Transl Issues Psychological Sci. 2019;5(4):365–73.
Article
Google Scholar
Rice ME, Harris GT. Comparing effect sizes in follow-up studies: ROC Area, Cohen’s d, and r. Law Hum Behav. 2005;29(5):615–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ouimette P, Wade M, Prins A, Schohn M. Identifying PTSD in primary care: comparison of the primary Care-PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD) and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ). Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2008;22(2):337–43.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bovin MJ, Kimerling R, Weathers FW, Prins A, Marx BP, Post EP, et al. Diagnostic accuracy and acceptability of the primary care posttraumatic stress disorder screen for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Fifth Edition) among US Veterans. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(2):e2036733.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Weems CF, Zakem AH, Costa NM, Cannon MF, Watts SE. Physiological response and childhood anxiety: association with symptoms of anxiety disorders and cognitive bias. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2005;34(4):712–23.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blanchard EB, Jones-Alexander J, Buckley TC, Forneris CA. Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL). Behav Res Ther. 1996;34(8):669–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar